. Agricultural zoology. Zoology. 124 ZOOLOGY,. Wings, four, all membranous, with relatively few veins (Figs. 61, 90). Metamorphosis complete; larvae very various; pupae free (p. 93). The female usually ])ossesses an ovipositor, the structure of which varies a great deal, and which serves in many species, not only for egg-laying, but also for pro- tection (digging wasps); in others exclusively for offence or defence ("stings" of bees and wasps), while the same opening serves for the pas- sage both of eggs and excrement. The abdominal glands, secreting a sticky substance by which the e
. Agricultural zoology. Zoology. 124 ZOOLOGY,. Wings, four, all membranous, with relatively few veins (Figs. 61, 90). Metamorphosis complete; larvae very various; pupae free (p. 93). The female usually ])ossesses an ovipositor, the structure of which varies a great deal, and which serves in many species, not only for egg-laying, but also for pro- tection (digging wasps); in others exclusively for offence or defence ("stings" of bees and wasps), while the same opening serves for the pas- sage both of eggs and excrement. The abdominal glands, secreting a sticky substance by which the eggs are attached, are modified into poison- glands in those Hymenoptera which possess a sting. In those forms —Head of Honey wherc the ovlpositor is not modified Bee. A, compound j^j-Q g, stiug, it is uscd for piercing, eyes; a, Bimple eyes; 6' . -f 6' z. bitmg, or sawmg. 1 he Hymenoptera with saw-like ovipositor first make an opening in wood or in a leaf by means of the saw-teeth in its edge, and then lay an egg in this hole. Many Hymenoptera (all digging wasps, gold wasps, ichneumon flies, and gall flies—several true bees and wasps) live alone, or in pairs. Others form colonies, in which division of labour is always so far carried out that there are reproductive individuals and workers. The former (males and females; in colonies of bees—"drones" and "queen") are only present in small numbers in any particular colony. They live merely for the perpetuation of the species. At most the males seek their own food, while the females are usually fed by the workers. Workers, on the other hand, are individuals in which the (female) reproductive organs remain in a low state of develop- ment, so that they are sterile. They seek food for the eyes; Ji% antenna; tongue (under lip); 6, labial palps; Fz, elongated maxillaa; the mandibles and upper lip remain Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digital
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Keywords: ., bookcentury1800, bookdecade1890, booksubjectzoology, bookyear1894
