Diagnostic methods, chemical, bacteriological and microscopical : a text-book for students and practitioners . sites are observed YatK-^nne >^ dl in the urine. Thus the trichomonas ^^^ n^.-Scolex and booklets ofvaginalis has been found by Klinstler, tsenia echinococcus in , and Dock. Amebse have been found by Balz, Jilrgens, Wijchoff, and by Musgrave and Clegg. Variousportions of hydatid cysts are frequently observed, among which we find theechinococcus booklets and fragments of membrane. Nematode worms,especially the filaria sanguinis hominis, are present in cases of ch3duria,wh
Diagnostic methods, chemical, bacteriological and microscopical : a text-book for students and practitioners . sites are observed YatK-^nne >^ dl in the urine. Thus the trichomonas ^^^ n^.-Scolex and booklets ofvaginalis has been found by Klinstler, tsenia echinococcus in , and Dock. Amebse have been found by Balz, Jilrgens, Wijchoff, and by Musgrave and Clegg. Variousportions of hydatid cysts are frequently observed, among which we find theechinococcus booklets and fragments of membrane. Nematode worms,especially the filaria sanguinis hominis, are present in cases of ch3duria,while the anguillula aceti or vinegar-eel has been reported, especially byStiles, while Billings and Miller report its presence as a possible contamina-tion from the bottle in which the urine was collected. Eggs of the schistosomum haematobium are not infrequently observedtogether with large numbers of red cells in cases of bilharziasis. This worm aswell as its ova will be discussed in the section on Blood. Stuertz has reportedthe findings of the egg of eustrongylus gigas in the urine in a case of 354 DIAGNOSTIC METHODS. V. Calculi. Concretions of a more or less hard and dense character are prone to formin the urinary passages. These bodies are termed, according^ to their sizeand location, sand, gravel, stone, and calculi. Theoretically, these formationsmay consist of accretions of any of the various crystalline or amorphous sedi-ments previously mentioned, the type of stone depending upon the reactionof the urine to a large extent. These calculi are formed by the deposition of the crystalline materialaround a definite nucleus, which usually consists of organic material, such asfibrin, blood, desquamated epithelial cells, mucus, or even a crystal of uricacid or calcium oxalate. It is very difficult to decide as to the reason for the
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