Applied anatomy and kinesiology; the mechanism of muscular movement . ouvain and Paris, and chosen professor of anatomy atthe three leading universities of Italy in succession, taught thatthe intercostals are both depressors of the ribs and muscles ofexpiration. Aranzi, who followed him shortly in the university ofBologna, taught that the intercostals have nothing to do with 230 BREATHING breathing, except as passive portions of the chest wall, and vonHelmont, a famous scholar of Amsterdam, held the same and Cruveilhier, well-knowTi French anatomists, saidthat the intercostal
Applied anatomy and kinesiology; the mechanism of muscular movement . ouvain and Paris, and chosen professor of anatomy atthe three leading universities of Italy in succession, taught thatthe intercostals are both depressors of the ribs and muscles ofexpiration. Aranzi, who followed him shortly in the university ofBologna, taught that the intercostals have nothing to do with 230 BREATHING breathing, except as passive portions of the chest wall, and vonHelmont, a famous scholar of Amsterdam, held the same and Cruveilhier, well-knowTi French anatomists, saidthat the intercostals are at the same time elevators and depressorsof the ribs, acting in both inspiration and expiration. The Bartho-lins, father and son, professors of anatomy in Copenhagen duringthe seventeenth century, taught that the two sets of intercostalsare antagonists, the internals being elevators of the ribs and theexternals depressors. None of these views are now held, but theyare interesting as showing how wide a range of conclusions havebeen reached by leading s s
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