Practical physiological chemistry : a book designed for use in courses in practical physiological chemistry in schools of medicine and of science . mistaken for epithelial casts. The differentia- URINE : SEDIMENTS. 337 tion between these two types is made very simple howeverby treating- the cast with acetic acid which causes the nuclei ofthe leucocytes to become plainly visible. The true pus cast isquite rare and indicates renal suppuration. Cylindroids.—These formations may occur in normal orpathological urine and have no particular clinical are frequently mistaken for true
Practical physiological chemistry : a book designed for use in courses in practical physiological chemistry in schools of medicine and of science . mistaken for epithelial casts. The differentia- URINE : SEDIMENTS. 337 tion between these two types is made very simple howeverby treating- the cast with acetic acid which causes the nuclei ofthe leucocytes to become plainly visible. The true pus cast isquite rare and indicates renal suppuration. Cylindroids.—These formations may occur in normal orpathological urine and have no particular clinical are frequently mistaken for true casts, especially the hya-line type, but they are ordinarily flat in structure with a rathersmaller diameter than casts, may possess forked or branchingends and are not composed of homogeneous material as are thehyaline casts. Such false casts may become coated withurates, in which event they appear granular in structure. Thebasic substance of cylindroids is often the nucleo-proteid ofthe urine (see Fig. 114. page 336). Erythrocytes.—These form elements are present in theurinary sediment in various diseases. They may appear as Fig. 11 v. Crenated Erythrocytes. the normal biconcave, yellow erythrocyte (Plate IV, oppositepage 151) or may exhibit certain modifications in form such asthe crenated type (Fig. 115, above) which is often seen in con-23 338 PHYSIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY. centrated urine. Under different conditions they may becomeswollen sufficiently to entirely erase the biconcave appearanceand may even occur in the form of colorless spheres having asmaller diameter than the origina 1 disc-shaped are found in urinary sediment in hemorrhage ofthe kidney or of the urinary tract, in traumatic hemorrhage,hemorrhage from congestion and in hemorrhagic diathesis. Spermatozoa.—Spermatozoa may be detected in the urinarysediment in diseases of the genital organs, as well as aftercoitus, nocturnal emissions, epileptic and other convulsive Fig. i i 6.
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