British exploits in South America; a history of British activities in exploration, military adventure, diplomacy, science, and trade, in Latin American . %rV w, -*!?*. SOUTH AMERICAN INDEPENDENCE 191 pears that his views were looked on with suspicion bythe Spanish authorities. When the War of Independence broke out BernardoOHiggins definitely ranged himself on the patriot the stress of the early, and frequently disastrous, con-flicts he had ample opportunity to prove his courage aswell as his resource. One of the most notable instancesof this occurred at the battle of Rancagua, where h


British exploits in South America; a history of British activities in exploration, military adventure, diplomacy, science, and trade, in Latin American . %rV w, -*!?*. SOUTH AMERICAN INDEPENDENCE 191 pears that his views were looked on with suspicion bythe Spanish authorities. When the War of Independence broke out BernardoOHiggins definitely ranged himself on the patriot the stress of the early, and frequently disastrous, con-flicts he had ample opportunity to prove his courage aswell as his resource. One of the most notable instancesof this occurred at the battle of Rancagua, where hisforces—deserted by his treacherous ally Carrera—werehemmed in by a greatly superior Spanish force. An in-furiated struggle raged, and the Spaniards attacked al-most without cessation for thirty-six hours. In the heatof the bitter struggle each side hoisted the black flag, asomber standard that waved a grim message to the fight-ers that no quarter was to be given or expected! The Chilean magazine had exploded; ammunition hadgiven out, and the houses of the town amid which theyfought were blazing fiercely. Even then Bernardo0 Higgins did not despair. He has


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Keywords: ., bookcentury1900, bookdecade1910, booksubjectsouthamericahistory