. Bulletin. Ethnology. 334 QUAPAW [b. a. e. them below the mouth of St Francis r., that they had removed from their old town, where the outworks were still to be seen, a short distance to the n., indicates that they had been in that region for many years. Their traditional history seems to have a substantial basis. Father Gravier, in the description of his voyage down the Mississippi in 1700, remarks (Shea's trans., 120, 1861) that Wabash and lower Ohio rs. were called by the Illinois and Miami the river of the Akansea (Qua- paw), because the Akansea formerly dwelt on their banks. Three branch
. Bulletin. Ethnology. 334 QUAPAW [b. a. e. them below the mouth of St Francis r., that they had removed from their old town, where the outworks were still to be seen, a short distance to the n., indicates that they had been in that region for many years. Their traditional history seems to have a substantial basis. Father Gravier, in the description of his voyage down the Mississippi in 1700, remarks (Shea's trans., 120, 1861) that Wabash and lower Ohio rs. were called by the Illinois and Miami the river of the Akansea (Qua- paw), because the Akansea formerly dwelt on their banks. Three branches were assigned to it, one of them coming from the n. w. and passing behind the country of the Miami, called the river St Joseph, "which the Indians call properly ; The Quapaw. QUAPAW WOMAN are known historically and from other evidence to have been mound builders, and also builders of mounds of a given type. A mound group containing mounds of this type is found in s. w. Indiana on the Ohio near its junction with the Wa- bash; and further, there is a map of the War Department showing the territory claimed by the Quapaw, which borders the Ohio from this point downward. Dorsey found traditions among the tribes composing his Dhegiha group asserting a former residence e. of the Mississippi, and the separation of the Quapaw from the other tribes, apparently in s. Illinois, the former going down the INIississippi and the other tribes up Missouri r., whence the names Quapaw (Ugnkhpa), 'those going downstream or with the current,' and Omaha, 'thosegoing upstream or against the current.' Whether the Akansea of the tradition include also the other tribes of the Dhegiha is uncertain. It was not until about 130 years after De Soto's visit, when the French began to venture down the Mississippi, that the Quapaw again ajipear in history, and then under the name Akansea. The first French explorer who reached their coun- try was the missionary Marquette, who ar- rived atthe
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