. The Americana : a universal reference library, comprising the arts and sciences, literature, history, biograhy, geography, commerce, etc., of the world . sive, and so shaped thatwhen towed by a line from a ship or boat in mo-tion it would diverge to an angle of 45 degreesfrom the stern. By thus passing near anothervessel the torpedo could be brought in contactwith her bottom and exploded upon torpedo was used in the Russo-Turkishwar without success, and is now no longer inuse. The Brennan torpedo is in use by theEnglish government. It has two propellers, andon each shaft there
. The Americana : a universal reference library, comprising the arts and sciences, literature, history, biograhy, geography, commerce, etc., of the world . sive, and so shaped thatwhen towed by a line from a ship or boat in mo-tion it would diverge to an angle of 45 degreesfrom the stern. By thus passing near anothervessel the torpedo could be brought in contactwith her bottom and exploded upon torpedo was used in the Russo-Turkishwar without success, and is now no longer inuse. The Brennan torpedo is in use by theEnglish government. It has two propellers, andon each shaft there is a reel of several miles ofwire. An engine at the starting point unwindsthe wires from the reels, causing the propellersto revolve at high speed, thus presenting the ap-parent paradox that the harder the wires arepulled back the faster the torpedo is forcedahead. The steering is affected by varying thetension on the wires. The Wickes, the Berdan,the Cunningham torpedoes and others (rockettorpedoes) were propelled by the escape of gasfrom a burning composition. Automobile Torpedoes.—This type of torpedocontains its own motive power and propelling. Fig. I.— Spar Torpedo Boat. were made by the French against the Chinesegun boats in Tonquin in 1885. Two Chinesevessels were sunk and many men of the crewsdrowned. This ended the day of the spartorpedo in its contest with the smooth bore,the machine gun, and musketry fire. Beforeit had disappeared mobile torpedoes and rapid-fire guns were already in the field and the samemode of warfare has continued under a changeof weapons. The offense in the form of themodern automobile torpedo made a big stride inadvance, and the defense followed quickly withthe rapid-fire gun Controllable Tor/iedocs.—The success of thespar torpedo in the Civil War gave rise tomany inventions of controllable torpedoes, rock-ets, and submarine projectiles. None of these,however, have been extensively adopted or usedsuccessfully in warfare. The Patrick Torped
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