. Elements of geology : a text-book for colleges and for the general reader. Geology. 74 AQUEOUS AGENCIES. Section 4.—Chemical Agencies of Watee. Subterranean Waters, Springs, etc. As we have already seen (page 9), of the rain which falls on any hydrographical basin, a part runs from the surface, producing universal erosion. A second part sinks into the earth, and, after a longer or shorter subterranean course, comes up as springs, and unites with the surface-water to form rivers; while a third portion never comes up at all, but continues by subterranean passages to the sea. This last por- tio
. Elements of geology : a text-book for colleges and for the general reader. Geology. 74 AQUEOUS AGENCIES. Section 4.—Chemical Agencies of Watee. Subterranean Waters, Springs, etc. As we have already seen (page 9), of the rain which falls on any hydrographical basin, a part runs from the surface, producing universal erosion. A second part sinks into the earth, and, after a longer or shorter subterranean course, comes up as springs, and unites with the surface-water to form rivers; while a third portion never comes up at all, but continues by subterranean passages to the sea. This last por- tion is removed from observation, and our knowledge concerning it is very limited. But there are numerous facts which lead to the convic- tion that it is often very considerable in amount. In many portions of the sea near shore, springs, and even large rivers, of fresh water, are known to well up. Thus, in the Mediterranean Sea, " a body of fresh water fifty feet in diameter rises with such force as to cause a visible convexity of the ;* Similar phenomena have been ob- served in many other places in the same sea, and also in the Gulf of Mexico near the coast of Florida, among the West India Isles, and near the Sandwich Islands. Besides the last mentioned, there is still another portion of subterranean water existing permanently in every part of the earth far beneath the sea-level, filling fissures and saturating sedi- ments to great depths, and only brought to the surface by volcanic forces. This, in contradistinction from the constantly-circulating me- teoric water, may be called volcanic water. Springs.—The appearance of subterranean waters upon the surface constitutes springs. They occur in two principal positions, viz.: Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original LeConte, J
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