Abdominal surgery . ives off other branches inits course upwards. Throughout its course the vessel is tortuousand loosely supported by cellular tissue. At its lowest point itis on a level with the external os, and here it passes directly overthe ureter, almost in contact with it, but not at all attached. Thelateral branches given off to the uterus by the uterine artery are 13 178 THE UTERUS. SO numerous that local compression from flexions or other causescan scarcely render any part of the organ anaemic. The ovarian or spermatic arteries arise from the aorta belowthe level of the renal arterie
Abdominal surgery . ives off other branches inits course upwards. Throughout its course the vessel is tortuousand loosely supported by cellular tissue. At its lowest point itis on a level with the external os, and here it passes directly overthe ureter, almost in contact with it, but not at all attached. Thelateral branches given off to the uterus by the uterine artery are 13 178 THE UTERUS. SO numerous that local compression from flexions or other causescan scarcely render any part of the organ anaemic. The ovarian or spermatic arteries arise from the aorta belowthe level of the renal arteries, and cross the pelvic brim at, or infront of, the bifurcation of the common iliac, crossing the ureter, and run-ning alongthe upperborder ofthe broadligament tothe ex-actly, theymaybe saidto lie be-tween thefolds of thei nfun d isa branchfromthe epi-gastric ar-tery whichreaches theuterus. Althoughthe uterineartery isusually lar-ger thanthe ova-rian, thereverse is. Fig. i6. Drawing from a dissection made to show relations of ureters,uterine arteries, bladder, S^c. iir., ureter; , uterine artery ; ou., os uteri exposed by an incision,jc, made through the top of the vagina; bl., bladder, the walls of which arecut away down to the insertion of the ureters into its base, Vag., bands of fibrous tissue are seen passing between the cervix uteri andthe top of the vagina. Arterial branches of considerable magnitude ac-company the ureters. The space between the bladder wall and theunshaded body of the uterus (artificially enlarged by traction of hook) iscovered by peritoneum in the loose cellular tissue underlying which the^bladder wall rises upwards to a varying distance. SURGICAL ANATOMY. 179 occasionally the case. Their relative dimensions are liable toendless variation. The relations of the ureters to the uterus are of primeimportance. The researches of Holl of Innsbruck, Garrigues(quoted by Hart and Barbour) and P
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