. A history of the United States . In 1857 the Presi-dent sent a detachment of troopsto bring them into some delay and difficultythis was nominally done, but theMormons continued to ignore thelaAvs relating to polygamy forJAMES BUCHANAN. mauy ycars longer. 290. Panic; Ocean Telegraph Cable. (1857.)—Everythinghad seemed so prosperous in tlie country that, as in 1837, manynew enterprises had been started, especially in the building ofrailroads. These were built faster than the demand calledfor, and the earnings in many cases were not enough to payexpenses, much less dividends. So
. A history of the United States . In 1857 the Presi-dent sent a detachment of troopsto bring them into some delay and difficultythis was nominally done, but theMormons continued to ignore thelaAvs relating to polygamy forJAMES BUCHANAN. mauy ycars longer. 290. Panic; Ocean Telegraph Cable. (1857.)—Everythinghad seemed so prosperous in tlie country that, as in 1837, manynew enterprises had been started, especially in the building ofrailroads. These were built faster than the demand calledfor, and the earnings in many cases were not enough to payexpenses, much less dividends. Soon a verj^ large number ofrailroad shares were tluown upon the market for sale, result-ing in a panic, which affected business generally, and thenumber of mercantile failures in the country was very great. As early as 1846 a telegraphic message had been sentunder the Hudson River, by means of a wire covered withgutta-percha. This had proved that it was practicable tosend messages under water, and soon cables of moderate length. GOLD; SILVER; OIL FIELDS. 267 were laid on the beds of rivers and narrow bodies of W. Field, a wealthy merchant of New York, becameinterested in a project to lay a telegraphic line across theAtlantic Ocean. A company of English and Americanswas formed, and soundings were made in the ocean to dis-cover the nature of the bottom. It was found that betweenNewfoundland and Ireland the depth did not exceed two andone-half miles, while the bottom was nearly level. This hassince been called the Telegraphic Plateau. After manyexperiments and efforts a line was successfully laid in 1858,but, after a few messages had been sent back and forth, theline refused to work; but the practicability of an oceantelegraph liad been demonstrated, though it was not until1866 that a thoroughly successful cable was laid (sect. 364). 291. Gold; Silver; Oil Fields. (1858-1859.) —Little had been known of the mineral resources of the country betweenKansas and the Rocky
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