. Local and regional anesthesia : with chapters on spinal, epidural, paravertebral, and parasacral analgesia, and on other applications of local and regional anesthesia to the surgery of the eye, ear, nose and throat, and to dental practice. postanneal, br. of vagus-temporal br. of facial nerve- .-transverse facial art. .tygomatic branch of mediator nerve Fig. 143.—Superficial nerves and arteries of the face (deeper layer). Most of theparotid gland is removed. The facial muscles have been cut away, divided, or drawndownward. (Sobotta and McMurrich.) For a thorough understanding o
. Local and regional anesthesia : with chapters on spinal, epidural, paravertebral, and parasacral analgesia, and on other applications of local and regional anesthesia to the surgery of the eye, ear, nose and throat, and to dental practice. postanneal, br. of vagus-temporal br. of facial nerve- .-transverse facial art. .tygomatic branch of mediator nerve Fig. 143.—Superficial nerves and arteries of the face (deeper layer). Most of theparotid gland is removed. The facial muscles have been cut away, divided, or drawndownward. (Sobotta and McMurrich.) For a thorough understanding of the methods of local and regionalanesthesia applied to the head a thorough knowledge of anatomy isessential, with a study of the subject from every view-point; only thencan we properly appreciate the difficulties and delicate technic neces-sary for the clinical application of these methods. THE HEAD, SCALP, CRANIUM, BRAIN, AND FACE 471 The Fifth Nerve and Its Branches (Figs. 142, 143).—The ophthal-mic or first division of the fifth (Fig. 144) is a sensory nerve, supplyingthe eyeball, mucous lining of the eye, lacrimal gland, nasal fossa, the supraorbital art. \praorbttal nerveLevator palp, supenorisectus superiorlachrymal gland. abducent nervi£ trigeminal ner ?L ttti&dl* meningeal maxillary nervemiddle meningealartery spinous mem \andibularnervesemilunar ganglion Fig. 144.—The nerves and arteries of the orbit (superficial layer). The roof of theorbit, the periorbita, and the upper portion of the outer wall have been removed. Thedura mater has been divided along the middle meningeal artery and in the neighborhoodof the semilunar ganglion and of the orbital nerves. * = Accessory vessels to the lacrimalgland from the zygomatico-orbital branch of the anterior deep temporal artery. ** = Or-bital fat. (Sobotta and McMurrich.) skin of the nose, forehead, and front portion of the vertex. Afterleaving the gasserian ganglion it passes forward along the outer wall
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