. Steel rails; their history, properties, strength and manufacture, with notes on the principles of rolling stock and track design . in more than 900° F. in the blast. This type ofstove was followed by the fire-brick stove operated on the regenerative princi-ple, and by its use a hot-blast tem-perature of approximately 1500° F. canbe obtained. The atmosphere is the most vari-able element involved in the blast-furnace process, which consumes airin large quantities. In furnacesusing ore from the Lake Superiordistrict the raw material, amountingto about 7200 pounds per ton of iron,varies in compo
. Steel rails; their history, properties, strength and manufacture, with notes on the principles of rolling stock and track design . in more than 900° F. in the blast. This type ofstove was followed by the fire-brick stove operated on the regenerative princi-ple, and by its use a hot-blast tem-perature of approximately 1500° F. canbe obtained. The atmosphere is the most vari-able element involved in the blast-furnace process, which consumes airin large quantities. In furnacesusing ore from the Lake Superiordistrict the raw material, amountingto about 7200 pounds per ton of iron,varies in composition within 10 percent, but the atmosphere, of which11,700 pounds are consumed per tonof iron, varies in its content ofmoisture from 20 to 100 per centfrom day to day and often in thesame day. Many experiments have beenmade to determine the most feasiblemethod for extracting the moisturefrom the air. Various schemes forits direct absorption were worked outand in turn abandoned, and finallyMr. Gayley* designed and put insuccessful operation the dry-blastprocess which bears his name. Thisconsists in freezing the moisture out. Fig. 245. — Julian Kennedy Stove.(Harbison-Walker Refractories Co.) of the air. The Gayley process not only reduces the cost of producing thepig iron, but, which is very much more important, gives a more effectivecontrol of the operation and product of the furnace. The product was first put in operation on the Isabella furnaces of the * The Application of Dry-air Blast to the Manufacture of Iron. James Gayley. Trans. AmericanInstitute of Mining Engineers, Vol. XXXV (1905), p. 746. The Application of Dry-air Blast to the Manufacture of Iron — Supplementary Data. JamesGayley. Ibid, Vol. XXXVI (1006), p. 315. Gayleys Invention of the Dry Blast. R. W. Raymond. Ibid, Vol. XXXIX (190S), p. 695. INFLUENCE OF DETAIL OF .\UNUFACTURE 3G1 I* ^ curr Carnegie Steel Company, situated at Etna, Pa., a suburb of Pittsburg, on August11, 1904. The lines and dimensions
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