. The cyclopædia of anatomy and physiology. Anatomy; Physiology; Zoology. Hypogastnc region of a Child, which lived twenty-two days, with vesica inversa, Sfc. a, a, congenital umbilical hernia; b, umbilical cord ; c, c, the separated halves of the vesica urinaria, with the urethral orifices; d, anus; e, e, penis epi- spadiacus; f. frenulum; g, cutaneous appendage to the closed anus. if the urinary bladder is complete (Martin); 2. The rectum may be separate, while the uri- nary bladder remains fissured and fused with the genital organs (Meckel, Gross); 3. The fissured urinary bladder may be sep
. The cyclopædia of anatomy and physiology. Anatomy; Physiology; Zoology. Hypogastnc region of a Child, which lived twenty-two days, with vesica inversa, Sfc. a, a, congenital umbilical hernia; b, umbilical cord ; c, c, the separated halves of the vesica urinaria, with the urethral orifices; d, anus; e, e, penis epi- spadiacus; f. frenulum; g, cutaneous appendage to the closed anus. if the urinary bladder is complete (Martin); 2. The rectum may be separate, while the uri- nary bladder remains fissured and fused with the genital organs (Meckel, Gross); 3. The fissured urinary bladder may be separated from the anus, without taking up the ureters, which then open themselves into the rectum (Meckel, Oberteuffer). In some cases the outlets of these three apparatus are found not on a flat surface, but in a cavity. The cloaca, existing previously on the surface of the body, is then removed from it and folded in, so as to form a cavity. In another degree of malformation the cavity is formed, and the uropoietic and generative organs are completely separated from each other; but the rectum, being a distinct organ, is nevertheless in connection with one of the said parts, by means of a sort of canal. In the female sex this communication is found between the rectum and vagina (fistula ani vnginalis congcnita); in the male sex between the rectum and urinary bladder (fistula ani vesicalis congenita). The transition towards the natural state is nearest when the rectum opens into the urethra ; to this condition, when it is complicated with an imperforate anus, Papendorp has given the name of atrcsia ani urethralis. b. Congemtalfissure of the urinary bladder.— Without a cloaca, and with a perforate anus, the interior surface of the posterior part of the bladder may lie exposed on the hypogas- tric region (prolapsus, inversio, fissio vcsicic). It then forms a red, spongy tumor, situated somewhat above the separated pubic bones, and involving the umbilicus, so as to give the appear
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