. Civic biology; textbook of problems, local and national, that can be solved only by civic coöperation. Biology. Fig. 147. Laying of a toad —15,835 eggs Photograph by Newton Miller length of 6 or 7 feet. Gigantic species formerly disported in the vast s^yamps that have given us our coal forma- tions. With few exceptions, amphibia deposit their eggs in ^yater, and they all pass through a truly larval stage, the ''tadpoles" being fish- like— aquatic, legless, and breathing by gills. In ad- dition to insect destruction by the adults, the tadpoles perform an important serv- ice by eating all


. Civic biology; textbook of problems, local and national, that can be solved only by civic coöperation. Biology. Fig. 147. Laying of a toad —15,835 eggs Photograph by Newton Miller length of 6 or 7 feet. Gigantic species formerly disported in the vast s^yamps that have given us our coal forma- tions. With few exceptions, amphibia deposit their eggs in ^yater, and they all pass through a truly larval stage, the ''tadpoles" being fish- like— aquatic, legless, and breathing by gills. In ad- dition to insect destruction by the adults, the tadpoles perform an important serv- ice by eating all manner of slimes and scums and decaying animal and vegetable matter, thus helping to jnirify surface waters. Aquaria with and without tadpoles may be made to demonstrate this i)oint in a striking manner, and the results may well be applied to the problem of cleansing local park and reservoir waters. Natural history of local species. In connection with other outdoor work, collect all the different species of toads, frogs, tree frogs, newts and salamanders, nuid puppies, and sirens common to the locality. Special interest attaches to spawning habits and sea- sons, since knowledge of. Fig. 148. Different portions of single laying of toads' eggs The top specimen shows the usual arrange- ment; the other two show the crowding and irregular spacing of the eggs in the gelatinous tube near the end of the laying. Photograph by Newton Miller. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original Hodge, Clifton Fremont, 1859-; Dawson, Jean, 1873-. Boston, Ginn


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