. Elements of botany. Botany. 56 ELEMENTS OF BOTANY the cinquefoil, the white clover, the dandelion, the spurges, the knot-grass, and hundreds of other kinds of plants have found safety in hugging the ground. 73. Climbing and Twining Sterns.^ —Since it is essential to the liealth and rapid growth of most plants that they should have free access to the sun and air, it is not strange that many should resort to special devices for lifting themselves above their neighbors. In trop- ical forests, where the darkness of the shade anywhere beneath the tree-tops is so great that few flowering plants ca
. Elements of botany. Botany. 56 ELEMENTS OF BOTANY the cinquefoil, the white clover, the dandelion, the spurges, the knot-grass, and hundreds of other kinds of plants have found safety in hugging the ground. 73. Climbing and Twining Sterns.^ —Since it is essential to the liealth and rapid growth of most plants that they should have free access to the sun and air, it is not strange that many should resort to special devices for lifting themselves above their neighbors. In trop- ical forests, where the darkness of the shade anywhere beneath the tree-tops is so great that few flowering plants can thrive in it, the climbing plants, or lianas, often run like great cables for hundreds of feet before they can emerge into the sunshine above, as those shown in the Frontispiece have probably done. In temper- ate climates no such remarkable climbers are found, but many plants raise themselves for con- siderable distances. The princi- pal means to which they resort for this purpose are: (1) Producing roots at many points along the stem above ground and climbing on suitable objects by means of these, as in the English ivy (Fig. 13). (2) Laying hold of objects by means of tendrils or t/rin- in(j branches or leaf-stalks (Figs. 2S, 29). (3) Twining about any slender upright support (Fig. 30). 1 See Kernel- and Oliver's Xaliiral History of Plants, Vol. I, p. Fig. Coiling of a Tendril of Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original Bergen, Joseph Y. (Joseph Young), 1851-1917. Boston, Ginn
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