The London, Edinburgh and Dublin philosophical magazine and journal of science . ures at theRoyal Institution, the liquefaction of oxygen, a shortdescription of the apparatus I have found most convenient forsuch demonstration may interest the readers of the Philoso-phical Magazine. The two Russian chemists MM. Wrob-lewski and Olzewski, who have recently made such asplendid success in the production and maintenance of lowtemperature, have used in their researches an enlarged form ofthe well-known Cailletet apparatus; but for the purposes oflecture demonstration, which necessarily involves the p
The London, Edinburgh and Dublin philosophical magazine and journal of science . ures at theRoyal Institution, the liquefaction of oxygen, a shortdescription of the apparatus I have found most convenient forsuch demonstration may interest the readers of the Philoso-phical Magazine. The two Russian chemists MM. Wrob-lewski and Olzewski, who have recently made such asplendid success in the production and maintenance of lowtemperature, have used in their researches an enlarged form ofthe well-known Cailletet apparatus; but for the purposes oflecture demonstration, which necessarily involves the projectionon a screen of the actions taking place, the apparatus repre- * Phil. Mag. 4th series, vol. i. pp. Communicated by the Author. and the Critical Volumes of Liquids. 211 sented in the annexed woodcut is more readily and quicklyhandled, and enables comparatively large quantities of liquidoxygen to be produced. The arrangements will be at onceunderstood on looking at the figure, which is taken from aphotograph. The oxygen- or air-reservoir, C, is made of iron ;. it contains gas compressed for convenience to 150 is the stopcock for regulating the pressure of the gas in theglass tube F, and D is the pressure-manometer, the fine coppertube which connects the gas-reservoir and the glass tube, F,being shown at I. The air-pump gauge is marked J, thetube leading to the double oscillating Bianchi being attachedat H. The glass test-tube G, which contains the liquid ethy-lene, solid carbonic acid, or liquid nitrous oxide, which is tobe boiled in vacuo, is placed in the middle of a larger tube. Ithas holes, shown at E, in the upper part, so that the cool va-pours in their course to the air-pump are forced to pass roundthe outside of the vessel and help to guard it from externalradiation. The lower part of the outer cylinder is coveredwith pieces of chloride of calcium, shown at K. If a thermo-meter is used and a continuous supply of ethylene maintained,the ind
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