. The Biological bulletin. Biology; Zoology; Biology; Marine Biology. NITRIC OXIDE IN LARVAL ILYANASSA 61 100 r 80 E 60 | 40 S 20 Q CD CL 0 n=60. Q Q O O O O O Controls [Carb-PTIO] Figure 5. No concentrations of injected Carboxy-PTIO (Carb-PTIO), an NO scavenger, induced significant rates of metamorphosis by 48 h when compared to iFIO (10~5 M ^ = , 10~6 M JCuHim ~ ). n = 30 for 10 " and 10 " M Carboxy-PTIO. Significance levels for 24 and 48 h data were the same. Developing nervous systems in vertebrates and arthro- pods express NO transiently in a variety of areas (Bredt
. The Biological bulletin. Biology; Zoology; Biology; Marine Biology. NITRIC OXIDE IN LARVAL ILYANASSA 61 100 r 80 E 60 | 40 S 20 Q CD CL 0 n=60. Q Q O O O O O Controls [Carb-PTIO] Figure 5. No concentrations of injected Carboxy-PTIO (Carb-PTIO), an NO scavenger, induced significant rates of metamorphosis by 48 h when compared to iFIO (10~5 M ^ = , 10~6 M JCuHim ~ ). n = 30 for 10 " and 10 " M Carboxy-PTIO. Significance levels for 24 and 48 h data were the same. Developing nervous systems in vertebrates and arthro- pods express NO transiently in a variety of areas (Bredt and Snyder. 1994: Truman el ai, 1996: Gibbs and Truman, 1998: Scholz et 1998). NO has been reported to cause growth cone collapse (Renterfa and Constantine-Paton. 1996) and may act in the regulation of neuronal prolifera- tion (Peunova and Enikolopov, 1995; Kuzin et al., 1996), affecting the ability of axons to reach appropriate targets and initiate synaptogenesis (Bredt and Snyder. 1994; Wu et 1994; Truman et al., 1996; Gibbs and Truman, 1998; Scholz c/ 1998). Comparable roles for this molecule in molluscs are just beginning to come under investigation. How NO exerts its effects in larval Ilvanassa is still unknown. Typically, NO binds to guanylyl cyclase, stimu- lating the formation of cyclic guanosine 3'.5' monophos- phate (cGMP) (Murad et al., 1978); the biochemistry of the nitrergic signaling pathway appears to remain applicable to both vertebrate and invertebrate systems (Dawson et 1991: Elphick et 1993; Elofsson et 1993; Huang et 1998). Recent work on the growth and survival of cultured neurons suggests that NO may also affect cGMP- independent intracellular signaling pathways (Gonzalez-Zu- lueta et al., 1997). We cannot yet distinguish between these two mechanisms in our experimental animal. At present, we suggest that NO is produced within the developing mollus- can nervous system and diffuses to its target cells to activate guanyly
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