Hugo Marie de Vries (1848-1935), Dutch botanist and geneticist. De Vries was the son of a Dutch prime minister, and studied medicine in Holland and Ge

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Hugo Marie de Vries (1848-1935), Dutch botanist and geneticist. De Vries was the son of a Dutch prime minister, and studied medicine in Holland and Germany. He was also an accomplished botanist. At Wurzburg he worked on plant turgor (stiffening of the cell walls due to osmotic water uptake), using the term plasmolysis to describe loss of turgidity. He then turned to plant heredity. His breeding experiments with evening primrose led him to a general theory of mutations, an alternative to Darwinian theory. This was later shown to be wrong, due to the complex genetics of the evening primrose, but did much to stimulate experiment and debate in genetics.

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