. The Cost of Policy Inaction: The case of not meeting the 2010 biodiversity target. show both gradual changes, when perceived in the time frame of humans, but at the same time respond non-linearly to external changes, with threshold-based dramatic collapses. Changes are presented at the global level, by world regions, by biome and landscape types and at the species level. The changes are partly calculated with the IMAGE — GLOBIO model framework (for terrestrial systems; see Box and Box respectively) and the EcoOcean model (for the marine biomes; see Box ), and partly derived from e
. The Cost of Policy Inaction: The case of not meeting the 2010 biodiversity target. show both gradual changes, when perceived in the time frame of humans, but at the same time respond non-linearly to external changes, with threshold-based dramatic collapses. Changes are presented at the global level, by world regions, by biome and landscape types and at the species level. The changes are partly calculated with the IMAGE — GLOBIO model framework (for terrestrial systems; see Box and Box respectively) and the EcoOcean model (for the marine biomes; see Box ), and partly derived from extrapolation of historic trends in case studies at various geographical levels. The changes are expressed in a number of CBD 2010-indicators, some of which are used in the models (ecosystem extent and species abundance). Indicators of biodiversity change Biodiversity measures and indicators Biodiversity as defined by the Convention on Biological Diversity encompasses the diversity of genes, species and ecosystems. Given this complexity, biodiversity dynamics can only be described by a set of complementary indices (see table in Chapter 2). Several focal areas and indicators have been identified and accepted for measuring the progress towards the 2010 CBD target 'to achieve by 2010 a significant reduction of the anient rate of biodiversity loss at the global regional and national level as a contribution to poverty alleviation and to the benefit of all life on Earth'. Well known indicators for the status and trends in terrestrial biodiversity are the Red List Index (IUCN), the Living planet index (WWF and UNEP-WCMC), the coverage of Protected Areas (UNEP-WCMC) and the Ecological Footprint (Global Footprint Network and WWF). Each of the indicators has strengths and weaknesses, as summarized in figure BIODIVERSITY Hot spots static indirect cheap Wilderness areas indirect sensitive models cheap only a part Species richness Pressure index indirect sensitive models
Size: 1524px × 1640px
Photo credit: © The Book Worm / Alamy / Afripics
License: Licensed
Model Released: No
Keywords: ., bhlconsortium, book, bookcollectionbiodiversity, bookleafnumber97
