. The American fruit culturist : containing directions for the propagation and culture of fruit trees in the nursery, orchid and garden : with descriptions of the principal American and foreign varieties cultivated in the United States . Fruit-culture. PROPAGATION. 31 the spongioles, or minute spongy extremities of the fibrous roots,* at which time it consists merely of water, with minute portions of other substances in solution. It passes up through the alburnum or sap-wood, dissolving mucilage in its pro- gress ; it becomes further charged in a very slight degree, and acquires a saccharine c
. The American fruit culturist : containing directions for the propagation and culture of fruit trees in the nursery, orchid and garden : with descriptions of the principal American and foreign varieties cultivated in the United States . Fruit-culture. PROPAGATION. 31 the spongioles, or minute spongy extremities of the fibrous roots,* at which time it consists merely of water, with minute portions of other substances in solution. It passes up through the alburnum or sap-wood, dissolving mucilage in its pro- gress ; it becomes further charged in a very slight degree, and acquires a saccharine character. It ascends to the ex- tremities of the branches, and is distributed through the leaves. Emerging thus from the dark and minute vessels of the wood, it is spread out and exposed to the action of the light, by means of the fine web or net-work of veins ,,, running from the mid-rib to all parts of these broad and thin organs. Here it becomes essentially chang- ed in character, it enters into new combinations, and is charged with the materials for the newly forming wood; it now descends, not through the sap-wood, but through the inner or living bark,t and deposits a new layer between the bark and the wood. This new layer being soft and fresh, interposed between them, causes that separation known as the peeling of the The sap is capable of flowing sidewise, through lateral openings in the vessels or microscopic tubes. Hence some trees may be cut at one point more than half through on one side, and at another point more than half through on the other side, without intercepting the upward flow of sap, as in fig. 3. Fio. 3i This lateral motion explains the reason why a graft set in the longitudinal cleft of a stock, receives the sap from the split surfaces of the cleft, and succeeds as well as when cross-sections of both are brought into contact. * A greatly magnified representation of one of these spongelets is shown in the . annexed figure, (fig. 4,) the cen-' tral o
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Keywords: ., bookcentury1800, bookdecade1850, bookpub, booksubjectfruitculture
