. Botany for young people and common schools. How plants grow, a simple introduction to structural botany. With a popular flora, or an arrangement and description of common plants, both wild and cultivated. Botany. FRUIT. 79. 205 Nut and Cuj-ule, That they are not seeds is plain from the way they are produced, and from their bearing a style or stigma, at least when young. They are evidently pistils ripened; and on cutting them open, the seed is found \Yhole within (Fig. 204). 230. A Grain (or Canjopsis) is the same as an akene, except that the thin seed- vessel adheres firmly to the whole surf
. Botany for young people and common schools. How plants grow, a simple introduction to structural botany. With a popular flora, or an arrangement and description of common plants, both wild and cultivated. Botany. FRUIT. 79. 205 Nut and Cuj-ule, That they are not seeds is plain from the way they are produced, and from their bearing a style or stigma, at least when young. They are evidently pistils ripened; and on cutting them open, the seed is found \Yhole within (Fig. 204). 230. A Grain (or Canjopsis) is the same as an akene, except that the thin seed- vessel adheres firmly to the whole surface of the seed. Indian corn, wheat, rye, and all such kinds of grain are examples. 231. A Nut is a hard-shelled, one-seeded, indehiscent fruit, like an akene, but on a larger scale. Beechnuts, chestnuts, and acorns (Fig. 205) are familiar examples. In all these the nut is surrounded by a kind of involucre, called a Cupule or Cup, which, however, is no part of the fruit. In the Oak, the cupule is a scaly cup ; in the Beech and Chestnut, it is a kind of bur ; in the Hazel, it is a leaf-like cup or cov(iring; in Hop-Hornbeam, it is a thin and closed bag. The fruit of the "Walnut, Butternut, and the like, is between a drupe and a nut, havino; a tleshv outer layer. 232. A Key or Key-Fruit (called by botanists a Samara) is like an akene or nut, or any other indehiscent, one-seeded fruit, only it is winged. The fruits of the Ash (Fig. 20G) and of the Elm (Fig. 207) are of this kind. That of the Maple consists of two keys partly joined at the base, both from one floAver (Fig. 208). 233. Dehiscent Fruits, or dry fruits which sj)lit or burst open in some regular way, take the general name of 234. Pods. These generally split lengthwise when ripe and dry. Pods formed of a simple pistil mostly open down their inner edge, namely, that v>hich answers to the united mar- gins of the pistil-leaf. Compai-e Fig. IGO with Fig. 209 : the latter is the simple pod of a Marsh- Marigold open af
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