. 5 cm (from Goode 1884) Common Name: Atlantic croaker Scientific Name: Micropogonias undulatus Other Common Names: Croaker, crocus, hardhead, king billy; tambour bresilien (French); la corbina, corvinon brasilieno, and gorrubata (Spanish) (Fischer 1978, Lassuy 1983, NOAA 1985). Classification (Robins et al. 1991) Phylum: Chordata Class: Osteichthyes Order: Perciformes Family: Sciaenidae Value Commercial: A commercial fishery for this species has existed in the Atlantic Ocean since the late 1880's (NOAA 1993). In the Gulf of Mexico, the Atlantic croaker is the most important species of industr
. 5 cm (from Goode 1884) Common Name: Atlantic croaker Scientific Name: Micropogonias undulatus Other Common Names: Croaker, crocus, hardhead, king billy; tambour bresilien (French); la corbina, corvinon brasilieno, and gorrubata (Spanish) (Fischer 1978, Lassuy 1983, NOAA 1985). Classification (Robins et al. 1991) Phylum: Chordata Class: Osteichthyes Order: Perciformes Family: Sciaenidae Value Commercial: A commercial fishery for this species has existed in the Atlantic Ocean since the late 1880's (NOAA 1993). In the Gulf of Mexico, the Atlantic croaker is the most important species of industrial bottomfish, representing about 76% of the total land- ings (Warren and Sutter 1982, NOAA 1985, NOAA 1993). The major harvesting areas are located be- tween Mobile Bay, Alabama and Calcasieu Lake, Louisiana. The Gulf fishery for croaker began expand- ing in 1967 with the decline in landings from the Chesapeake Bay and the discovery of large stocks around the mouth of the Mississippi River. About 44 mt of croaker estimated at $48 thousand were taken by commercial fishermen in the Gulf (Newlin 1993). More than 43 mt were caught within 5 km of the coast. Landings by state for 1992 were: Florida - mt; Alabama - mt; Louisiana - mt; and Texas mt (Newlin 1993). Major methods of harvest include pound nets, haul seines, otter trawls, and gill nets with some additional catches made by trammel and fyke nets (Mercer 1989). It is considered an excellent foodfish, and is exported to foreign countries where it is a preferred species (Fischer 1977, Shipp 1986). It occasionally appears in domestic markets where it is usually marketed fresh (Fischer 1978). Recreational: Atlantic croaker also contributes signifi- cantly to the sportfish fishery in the eastern Gulf of Mexico (Warren and Sutter 1982). While not a particu- larly popular game fish, it is still caught by many fishermen. Large "bull croakers" are particularly sought for around oil rigs west of the Missis
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