. The principles of mill and factory inspection for fire insurance purposes : with notes on the hydraulics of automatic sprinkler protection . section of subway are open, butthe temperature never falls to the freezing point of waterand the sprinkler equipment is maintained as a wetsystem all the year. Sometimes an automatic sprinkler equipment may bemaintained on a wet system during the summer and fallseasons, and on a dry-pipe system during the wintermonths. The usual dry-pipe valves are used and theseare kept open when the automatic sprinkler equipmentis on a wet system. This combination of
. The principles of mill and factory inspection for fire insurance purposes : with notes on the hydraulics of automatic sprinkler protection . section of subway are open, butthe temperature never falls to the freezing point of waterand the sprinkler equipment is maintained as a wetsystem all the year. Sometimes an automatic sprinkler equipment may bemaintained on a wet system during the summer and fallseasons, and on a dry-pipe system during the wintermonths. The usual dry-pipe valves are used and theseare kept open when the automatic sprinkler equipmentis on a wet system. This combination of systems isobjectionable, chiefly because it permits sediment to col-lect in the piping. Failures of Automatic Sprinklers.—Automaticsprinklers are said to have failed in some cases to ex-tinguish fires, but this is not true. Some of the morecommon causes of alleged failures are: G-ate valveclosed, shutting off the supply of water. Broken pipes,allowing water to be wasted. Water turned off too floor openings (stairways, elevator shafts,chutes, belt ways, etc.), allowing an unnecessary large APPROVED AUTOMATIC SPRINKLERS. THE INTERNATIONAL ISSUE B International Sprinkler Company,New York City. 68 MILL AND FACTORY INSPECTION number of automatic sprinklers to open and exhaust thewater supply. Hydrants, supplied from same connectionas the automatic sprinklers that was only large enough tosupply one or the other, used and water drawn away fromthe automatic sprinklers. Fire started in unprotectedbuilding and communicated through unprotected windowsto building protected by automatic sprinklers, causing alarge number to operate at one time and exhaust thewater supply. High wind blowing through open windowsand carrying heat from a fire away from the nearest auto-matic sprinklers. Freezing of Water.—When buildings protected byautomatic sprinkler equipments are not heated there is dan-ger of the water in the piping freezing in winter. Whenwater in piping does freeze, th
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