. Collected reprints / Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratories [and] Pacific Oceanographic Laboratories. Oceanography ECHO SOUNDING CORRECTIONS 57 water column is considered to consist of a number of layers bounded by the oceanographic standard depths, within each of which the sound velocity gradient is constant. velocity . uitesse ,, depth I proFondeur n â a;. n*1 Zn*i* In each layer, the time required for the sound wave to pass vertically through the layer is V V where Zâ is an oceanographic standard depth, Zâ^i is the next deeper oceanographic standard depth, an
. Collected reprints / Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratories [and] Pacific Oceanographic Laboratories. Oceanography ECHO SOUNDING CORRECTIONS 57 water column is considered to consist of a number of layers bounded by the oceanographic standard depths, within each of which the sound velocity gradient is constant. velocity . uitesse ,, depth I proFondeur n â a;. n*1 Zn*i* In each layer, the time required for the sound wave to pass vertically through the layer is V V where Zâ is an oceanographic standard depth, Zâ^i is the next deeper oceanographic standard depth, and V is the sound velocity. Within each layer the sound velocity is assumed to vary as a linear function of depth. It is clear that the velocity at any depth Z within the layer is i. Av ^'o + i:^;^ =»'o + ^^ (2) (note g has a negative sign) â¢where g is the gradient of velocity within the layer. Substituting the expression V from equation (2), into equation (1), and taking the derivative of equation (1) dz dt = Va + g2 and integrating over the depth interval n from layer Zo to Z, J dt= f __ = tâ=- ln(Vo + gz) /â = - ln(Vo + gzâ) Invo S g but Vo + gzâ=vâ. so 1 1 vâ g g which yields the time for the sound wave to pass through the first Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratories; Pacific Oceanographic Laboratories; United States. Environmental Science Services Administration. Research Laboratories; Environmental Research Laboratories (U. S. ). Washington, D. C. : U. S. Dept. of Commerce, Environmental Science Services Administration, Research Laboratories : For sale by Supt. of Docs. U. S. G. P. O.
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