Harper's New Monthly Magazine Volume 104 December 1901 to May 1902 . otection of the UnitedStates and Spain; and to stand with Spainfor the utmost possible northward exten-sion of the boundaries, of Florida, whichSpain had taken possession of. TheAmerican commissioners ignored him andgot their own terms:—The independenceof the United States, a northern bound-ary at the great lakes and a westernboundary at the Mississippi, and the useof the Canadian fisheries. Between thesigning of the provisional and the sign-ing of the definitive treaty the ministryof Lord Shelburne gave place to a coali-tion


Harper's New Monthly Magazine Volume 104 December 1901 to May 1902 . otection of the UnitedStates and Spain; and to stand with Spainfor the utmost possible northward exten-sion of the boundaries, of Florida, whichSpain had taken possession of. TheAmerican commissioners ignored him andgot their own terms:—The independenceof the United States, a northern bound-ary at the great lakes and a westernboundary at the Mississippi, and the useof the Canadian fisheries. Between thesigning of the provisional and the sign-ing of the definitive treaty the ministryof Lord Shelburne gave place to a coali-tion ministry under the Duke of Port-land, which brought North once more intooffice; but the course of the negotiationswas not materially changed. The Amer-ican commissioners got substantially allthey had contended for (3 September,1783). The states had at last a common gov-ernment which could accept independ-ence. On the first of March, 1781, Mary-land had given her tardy assent to theArticles of Confederation, on the under-standing that the states which had claims. TORY REFUGEES ON THEIR WAY TO CANADA Vol. CIV.—No. 108 HARPERS MONTHLY MAGAZINE. to territory in the West should as soonas possible cede those claims to the newlyformed government. On the fourteenthof January, 1784, the Congress of theConfederation, not yet two years old, rati-fied the treaty of peace. A burst of headyindignation followed the publication ofthe terms of the treaty. It was wellenough that the United States shouldhave their independence, of course, andtheir proper boundaries, and that the im-memorial right of their people to fish inthe Canadian waters should be retained;but there were other articles in the treatywhich gave almost universal dissatisfac-tion. The Confederation bound itself tourge upon the states unconditional am-nesty for the loyalists and a complete res-toration of their estates and civil rights,and to prevent so far as possible any legalobstacles being put in the way of the co


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