The seven Dutch bishops present at the First Vatican Council held in Rome from 8 December 1869 to 20 September 1870 during the pontificate of Pope Pius IX. From left to right: Msgr. Schaepman, archbishop of Utrecht, Msgr. J. Zwijsen, bishop of Den Bosch, Msgr. Wilmer, bishop of Haarlem, Msgr. Pluijm, apostolic vicar of Constantinople, Msgr. Steins-Bisschop, apostolic vicar of Calcutta, Msgr. Vrancken, apostolic vicar of Batavia and Msgr. van Ewijk, apostolic vicar of Curaao, Dutch Bishops at the First Vatican Council of 1869-1870 Docete Omnes Gentes! The seven

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