. The historians' history of the world; a comprehensive narrative of the rise and development of nations as recorded by over two thousand of the great writers of all ages: . nd patriarchalusages, and this respect for their old habits and cus-toms made the annexation to France easier for them. The attempt was madeto replace nomadic life by the system of fixed abodes, and only moderatelevies and taxes in money or produce were demanded. Commercial routeswere laid out, the northern part of the central Sahara explored, caravan con-nections with Timbuktu and Senegal established, and new markets open
. The historians' history of the world; a comprehensive narrative of the rise and development of nations as recorded by over two thousand of the great writers of all ages: . nd patriarchalusages, and this respect for their old habits and cus-toms made the annexation to France easier for them. The attempt was madeto replace nomadic life by the system of fixed abodes, and only moderatelevies and taxes in money or produce were demanded. Commercial routeswere laid out, the northern part of the central Sahara explored, caravan con-nections with Timbuktu and Senegal established, and new markets openedup to French industry. An expedition on a large scale under Randon againstthe tribes of Great Kabylia led to their complete subjugation in the cam-paigns of 1856 and 1857. In the year 1860 Marshal lY-lissier was appointedgovernor-general. The plan of appointing a separate minister for Algeriahad been given up after a short exjieriment. Nevertheless, however actively the French government carried on its mis-sion of civilisation, the re.^erved element amongst the natives showed little incli-nation towards the foreign intruders. Race, religion, and traditional customs. An General NORTHERN AFRICA 485 (1865-1904 ] formed an insumiountable barrier, so that the conquerors could never laydown the sword. The situation was little changed when in 1865 the emperorhimself appeared in the colony and by proclamations full of promises triedto win over the Mohammedan tribes to a peaceful union; the following yearswere just as full of disciuict as the preceding ones. The French militarysystem irritated the independent spirit of the Arab Bedouins. The caravan-serai between Saida antl Geryville was destroyed by the united tribes undertheir warlike chiefs 8i-Lala, Si-Hamed Ben Hamza, and Sidi MuhammedMurei Kersar, the tribes in the vicinity which had remained faithful to Francewere robbed of their herds and fruits, and all the cultivated land was laidwaste by warlike bands. Not until
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