. Bulletin (Pennsylvania Department of Forestry), no. 11. Forests and forestry. 151. BLACK JACK OAK Quercus marilandica, Muench FOEM—This tree usually attains a height of 20-30 ft. with a diameter of 18 inches, but may reach a height of 60 ft. with a diameter of 2 feet. It reaches its maximum size in Texas and Arlcansas. Crown usually compact, round-topped, and narrow on account of short branches. Upper branches are ascending, lower ones spreading. BARK—^Thlck, roughened by deep Assures which separate broad angular plates covered with dark brown to nearly black scales. TWIGS—Stout, coated at f
. Bulletin (Pennsylvania Department of Forestry), no. 11. Forests and forestry. 151. BLACK JACK OAK Quercus marilandica, Muench FOEM—This tree usually attains a height of 20-30 ft. with a diameter of 18 inches, but may reach a height of 60 ft. with a diameter of 2 feet. It reaches its maximum size in Texas and Arlcansas. Crown usually compact, round-topped, and narrow on account of short branches. Upper branches are ascending, lower ones spreading. BARK—^Thlck, roughened by deep Assures which separate broad angular plates covered with dark brown to nearly black scales. TWIGS—Stout, coated at first with pale woolly covering of hairs, later becoming smooth and dark brown to gray. BXXD8—Alternate, ovate, distinctly angular; sharp-pointed, { of an Inch long, reddish-brown and rusty pubescent. LEAVES—Alternate, simple, broadly ovate In outline, 6-7 inches long with an almost equal width, rounded or heart-shaped at tlie base, 3-5 lobed. Mature leaves deep green, thick, leathery, and smooth above; often rusty brown below. LEAF-SCARS—See "Leaf-Scars" under White Oak, page 138. FLOWERS—Appear about May when the leaves are i developed. Stamlnate flowers in slender, often persistent aments 2-4 inches long. Pistillate flowers on short, stout, pubescent stalks. FRUIT—An acorn, maturing at the end of the second season, solitary or paired, short stalked. Nut ovoid i of an inch long, nearly same width throughout, often striate, light brown. Cup hemispheric, deep, covers one-half or more of nut, light brown and downy on inside, covered by large reddish brown, loosely overlapping bcale. Small scales form a thin rim around the margin. WOOD—Ring-porous; with conspicuous medullary rays; dark brown, heavy, hard, strong. Weighs 46 lbs. per cubic foot. Used for fuel, charcoal, and manufactured into lumber to a limited extent. DISTINGUISHDra CHARACTERISTICS—The Black Jack Oak, also known as Jack Oak and Barren Oak, can be distinguished by the large obovate leav
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