Transactions . medbetween the cartilage and rib, becomes a straightline. The second ribs raise and push forward the Ster-num.—The sternum, in addition to its protrusionand elevation by the motion of the first ribs, is stillfarther pushed forward and raised, at the junctionof its first and second bones, by the forward move-ment of the sternal end of the second ribs throughthe medium of their cartilages. The cartilagesyield a little and do not draw forward the sternumso far as they are pushed forward. The entire area of the chest behind the sternumand second costal cartilages, and within the sec
Transactions . medbetween the cartilage and rib, becomes a straightline. The second ribs raise and push forward the Ster-num.—The sternum, in addition to its protrusionand elevation by the motion of the first ribs, is stillfarther pushed forward and raised, at the junctionof its first and second bones, by the forward move-ment of the sternal end of the second ribs throughthe medium of their cartilages. The cartilagesyield a little and do not draw forward the sternumso far as they are pushed forward. The entire area of the chest behind the sternumand second costal cartilages, and within the secondribs, is increased. Third, Fourth, and Fifth Ribs.—The third, fourth,and fifth ribs are moved by the same muscles, lessthe scalenus, and are drawn upwards in the samemanner as the second rib. The sternal end and the OF THE INTERNAL ORGANS. 353 11.—EFFECTS OF ARTIFICIAL RESPIRATION ON THEPOSITION OF THE RI1JS AND INTERNAL ORGANS. Alfred Duke, aged 36,Patient of Mr. White; Compound Fracture of both 1. Inferior margins of the lungs before they were inflated ; la. Inferior marginsof the lungs after they were inflated to the full—7. Position of the liver before the lungs were inflated ; 7a. Position of liver after the lungs were inflated 9. Position of stomach before the lungs were inflated ; 9 a. Position of siomach after the lungswere inflated. The pleural scalenus and its motion on inspiration is shown to the left of thetrachea. 354 ON CHANGES IN THE SITUATION outer curve of each rib are raised, and they arerespectively thrust forward and outward. Theexternal intercostals raise the third, fourth, and fifthribs, and bring them nearer to each other. The upper edge of each rib slides backwards inrelation to the lower edge of the rib above, after thefashion of the motion of the parallel ruler blades oneach other. These ribs are thus moved on eachother by the fibres of the external intercostal mus-cles which descend obliquely forwards, and ontheir contraction bring t
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