India: A simurgh/phoenix as represented in Zakarīyā ibn Muḥammad al-Qazwīnī's (1203-1283) 'Aja'ib al-Makhluqat' ('The Wonders of Creatures and the Marvels of Creation'), Mughal India, 18th century. Abu Yahya Zakariya' ibn Muhammad al-Qazwini was a Persian physician, astronomer, geographer and proto-science fiction writer. Born in the Persian town of Qazvin, al-Qazwini served as legal expert and judge (qadhi) in several localities in Persia and at Baghdad. He travelled around in Mesopotamia and Syria, and finally entered the circle patronised by the governor of Baghdad, ‘Ata-Malik Juwayni.

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