. The cyclopædia of anatomy and physiology. Anatomy; Physiology; Zoology. 534 RUMINANTIA. ward, and are by far the most abundant of all these structures; they are very closely set together at the tip, and have a horny epi- dermal covering, approaching in this respect the rasp-like retroverted spines on the tongue of Carnivora. The fung/form or spherical gustatory papilla; are sparsely scattered here and there, but somewhat closely aggregated at the lingual margins. In the Giraffe, not- withstanding the deposition of a dark purple pigment which distinguishes the anterior half of the tongue, the
. The cyclopædia of anatomy and physiology. Anatomy; Physiology; Zoology. 534 RUMINANTIA. ward, and are by far the most abundant of all these structures; they are very closely set together at the tip, and have a horny epi- dermal covering, approaching in this respect the rasp-like retroverted spines on the tongue of Carnivora. The fung/form or spherical gustatory papilla; are sparsely scattered here and there, but somewhat closely aggregated at the lingual margins. In the Giraffe, not- withstanding the deposition of a dark purple pigment which distinguishes the anterior half of the tongue, the last named papilla; present a very striking appearance, resembling so many small highly polished beads of a deep black colour. They are well shown in the annexed woodcut {fig. 357.). The conical papillas situated behind and towards the root, may be grouped under the same category as the retroverted filiform spines seen in front ; but as they proceed in the direction of the pharynx their conoidal character becomes obliterated, and they assume a more or less flattened oval or rounded form. The papillts circumvallatcE, though not occurring in great numbers, are largely developed, and in the Camel exhibit a very complicated structure (Meckel) ; the middle projecting portion, instead of being smooth and single, is split up, as it were, into numerous finely serrated secondary filaments, leaving a small central depression unoccupied, while the elevated circumferential margin outside the circular fossa shows at the same time a tendency to subdivision (b, b, fg. 358). In the Giraffe Fig. Section from the base of the tongue of the Bactrian Camel. (From F. Miiller and Wedl.) and Deer they offer a faint indication of the central dimple, but their character otherwise accords with the appearances usually pre- sented. The muscles of the tongue, as already hinted, display few marked deviations from the or- dinary mammiferous type ; nevertheless, the comparative glossologist recognises
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