. Automotive industries . oran L-head engine. Fig. 4 illustrates still another develop-ment. The fundamental difference between these methodsand those met with in conventional systems is, first, thatcompression backed up by the piston furnishes a muchmore positive means for causing turbulence than the at-mospheric pressure during the suction stroke; second,gives an opportunity for producing a much more generalmovement of the gases and, third, turbulence occurs imme-diately before and during ignition, thus obviating itsdying out. The defect of these systems is the increasein combustion chamber
. Automotive industries . oran L-head engine. Fig. 4 illustrates still another develop-ment. The fundamental difference between these methodsand those met with in conventional systems is, first, thatcompression backed up by the piston furnishes a muchmore positive means for causing turbulence than the at-mospheric pressure during the suction stroke; second,gives an opportunity for producing a much more generalmovement of the gases and, third, turbulence occurs imme-diately before and during ignition, thus obviating itsdying out. The defect of these systems is the increasein combustion chamber area and the introduction of thinlayers of gas at some points. So far as the main cham-ber is concerned there can be no detonation, but unlesshighly stable fuel is used there will be detonation in theshallow sections over the pistons. The main combustionchambers of these forms have a relatively small area-to-volume ratio. Turbulence produced by piston compressions is the most June AUTOMOTIVE INDUSTRIES THE AUTOMOBILE 1145. Fig. 1—Cylinder Designed by RicardoFig. 2—Design Which Used Kerosene as Fuel in the Ricardo Tank EngineFig. 3—A Design of a Valve-in- Head Engine WhichProduces Turbulence by Forcing the Contents of theCylinder at a High Velocity Through a Venturi ofSmall Area Into the Combustion Chamber on the Compression StrokeFig. 4—Another Development to Secure Turbulence in the Engine Fig. 5—Diagrammatic View of the Cylinder of an Overhead Valve Engine Showing the Path of the Major Currents in the Gas effective known for a given speed of engine. The gasmust go through two passages, the valves and turbulenceorifice, on the suction stroke; therefore, large areas atthese points are advisable and permissible to sustain volu-metric efficiency. However, because of the effectivenessof the method and the simplicity of flow and high velocitiesof the mixture at the moment of ignition, it is doubtfulwhether such high velocities of mixture through the tur-bule
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Keywords: ., bookcentury1800, bookdecade1890, booksubjectaeronautics, bookyear
