. The W. Martin Johnson school of art. Elementary instruction in color, perspective, lights and shadows, pen drawing and composition. g from each end and meeting atthe center. These straight lines can be subdividedinto four, eight, sixteen, thirty-two, an indefinitenumber, until we touch the curve at all points. Beginners are apt to exaggerate curves andshould, therefore, express them with straight lines,whenever it can be done without making a drawinglook angular. In the example of the curve drawnbetween the ruled lines, drop from the point of contacton the upper line a perpendicular straight
. The W. Martin Johnson school of art. Elementary instruction in color, perspective, lights and shadows, pen drawing and composition. g from each end and meeting atthe center. These straight lines can be subdividedinto four, eight, sixteen, thirty-two, an indefinitenumber, until we touch the curve at all points. Beginners are apt to exaggerate curves andshould, therefore, express them with straight lines,whenever it can be done without making a drawinglook angular. In the example of the curve drawnbetween the ruled lines, drop from the point of contacton the upper line a perpendicular straight line to thehorizontal line below. This will be the measurementof curvature, and it should be determined before pro-jecting any curve. In the human figure there are nostraight lines, but a combination of convex curvedlines produced by the muscles overlapping each the skilful draughtsman rarely permits himself todraw curves. He prefers straight lines as having morevigor and simplicity. What seem to be concave curvesor depressions in the living human figure are wheretwo or more convex curves meet. This is easy to de- 68. Hand blocked out in straight lines termine for oneself by looking at the hand. That whichthe person who has not been taught to draw thinksis a depressed curve is seen to be made up of convexcurves so disposed as to give the effect of a hollow. 69 Many will find these primary exercises simple, butevery student can profit by them. Often one has acertain aptness, though unconscious of its derivation,which will serve within limitations, but it is only bytraining and the right discipline of this talent that itsscope of efficiency is enlarged and its measure of use-fulness increased. The artist should think out his picture and see itin his minds eye before beginning work on it. Hemust have a well-defined idea of what he intends to a painter, for instance, wishes to put a tree into alandscape he decides exactly what kind of a tree itshall be and makes th
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