. Bonner zoologische Beiträge : Herausgeber: Zoologisches Forschungsinstitut und Museum Alexander Koenig, Bonn. Biology; Zoology. Peter Zwick & Tatyana Arefina: Blephariceridae of the Russian Far East 341 of B. maxima lack dorsal sclerotizations, but spatulate setae on the fore body become important. A few larvae collected in autumn looked very unfamiliar because they are freshly moulted, their gut still empty, and body not fully extended. In this condition, spatulate setae on head capsule and corners of prothorax stand close to- gether and appear large, in comparison with the trunk; in pl
. Bonner zoologische Beiträge : Herausgeber: Zoologisches Forschungsinstitut und Museum Alexander Koenig, Bonn. Biology; Zoology. Peter Zwick & Tatyana Arefina: Blephariceridae of the Russian Far East 341 of B. maxima lack dorsal sclerotizations, but spatulate setae on the fore body become important. A few larvae collected in autumn looked very unfamiliar because they are freshly moulted, their gut still empty, and body not fully extended. In this condition, spatulate setae on head capsule and corners of prothorax stand close to- gether and appear large, in comparison with the trunk; in places, the true body contour is veiled by setae (Figs. 5a, b). By spring, larvae accumulate much biomass whereby the body becomes extended, the head is pushed forward and downward; general shape is strikingly dif- ferent from autumn specimens. Spatulate setae on fore body stand widely separate and appear tiny against ex- tended body, remaining easily unnoticed. Figure 5c shows the single extended last instar larva not yet in prepupal condition that we have seen (Mongolian specimen); shape of its fore body resembles B. infús- cala. In prepupae. corners of cephalic division are ef- faced, because of further body extension. Some Far Eastern last instar larvae look slightly variegated. They are light brown with anterior portions of several body divisions darker Fig. 5: Bibiocephala maxima, cephalic division of Mongolian last instar larvae, a, freshly moulted specimen showing ar- rangement of spatulate setae; b, same specimen, at same scale as specimen with extended fore body (c). Biological notes. Larvae and pupae of B. maxima live on the underside of stones under which current rushes through and are never found on the upper side; the pre- ferred larval habitat of B. granáis is similar (HOGUE 1982). Bibiocephala maxima emerges earlier than other net-winged midges in the Russian Far East. In early June, at several places, only fragments of pupal exuviae were left. Elsewher
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