. Manual of fruit insects. countered, it has taught somevaluable lessons. Nurserymenare growing and shipping cleaner,healthier, better stock. Fruitgrowers are selecting their treeswith greater care, and givingeach tree individual attention inthe orchard, an invaluable fea-ture in orcharding. Many havebeen forced into spraying, whichmost progressive fruit growersfind to be one of the best pay-ing operations in orchards. Thescale is so small and so difficult to reach and kill, that the effortsto successfully combat it have resulted in better spray mix-tures, machinery and methods not only for th
. Manual of fruit insects. countered, it has taught somevaluable lessons. Nurserymenare growing and shipping cleaner,healthier, better stock. Fruitgrowers are selecting their treeswith greater care, and givingeach tree individual attention inthe orchard, an invaluable fea-ture in orcharding. Many havebeen forced into spraying, whichmost progressive fruit growersfind to be one of the best pay-ing operations in orchards. Thescale is so small and so difficult to reach and kill, that the effortsto successfully combat it have resulted in better spray mix-tures, machinery and methods not only for this scale, but forother insect and fungous enemies of orchards. Fruit growersin general are spraying more skillfully, more easily and moreeffectively, and many of them are satisfactorily controlling thistiny but terrible foe — the San Jose scale. While the San Jose scale is beset by many natural enemies,its marvelous fecundity usually enables it to develop in in-jurious numbers in spite of them. The following nine species. Fig. 169. Pear infested with SanJose scale. 168 FRUIT INSECTS of minute Hymenoptera are true parasites of the scale inAmerica: Aphelinus fuscipennis and mytilaspidis, Aspidioti-phagus citrinus, Anaphes gracilis, Physcus varicornis, Prospal-tella aurantii, P. pernidosi, Ablerus clisiocampce and Rhopoidenscitrinus. Most of these parasites are widely distributed in theUnited States and other countries, and they are all generalfeeders on other species of the armored scales. Sometimes theseparasites destroy enormous numbers of the scales, and they willalways be very potent factors in Natures efforts to help manin controlling this pest. About a dozen ladybird beetles have been found eating theSan Jose scale in America. The most important and usefulof these are the twice-stabbed ladybird, Chilocorus bivulnerus,the tiny black Microweisea misella, another tiny, dark, wine-redcolored species of the same genus, M. suturalis, and a Malachiidbeetle, Collops quadrimaculat
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Keywords: ., bookcentury1900, bookdecade1910, booksubjectbenefic, bookyear1915
