. Bonner zoologische Monographien. Zoology. 100 As a whole, the dentary is relatively short and blunt in P. issykkulensis, brachyurus, and eos (TS 103 [1]); it is relatively slender and elongated in other species of Phoxinus (TS 103[0]). The coronoid process is perpendicular to the anterior portion of the dentary, and not posteriorly sloped to the dorsal margin of the dentary in P. cumberlandensis, issykku- lensis, oreas, and phoxinus (TS 104[ 1 ]); it is sloped to the dorsal margin of the dentary in other species of the genus (TS 104 [0]). The dentary is slender, and the coronoid pro- cess is
. Bonner zoologische Monographien. Zoology. 100 As a whole, the dentary is relatively short and blunt in P. issykkulensis, brachyurus, and eos (TS 103 [1]); it is relatively slender and elongated in other species of Phoxinus (TS 103[0]). The coronoid process is perpendicular to the anterior portion of the dentary, and not posteriorly sloped to the dorsal margin of the dentary in P. cumberlandensis, issykku- lensis, oreas, and phoxinus (TS 104[ 1 ]); it is sloped to the dorsal margin of the dentary in other species of the genus (TS 104 [0]). The dentary is slender, and the coronoid pro- cess is sloped to the dorsal margin of the dentary in the outgroups. Retroarticular (, 60A-C. 61A-B). The retroarticular is a triangular en- dochondral bone. It articulates with posteroventral side of the anguloarticular dorsally and ventroposterior portion of the dentary anteriorly. It is well-developed, its length is longer than one-third of the anguloarticular's total length in P. phoxinus (TS 105[ 1 ]). It is less developed, its length is much less than one-third of the anguloarticular's length in other species of Phoxinus and in the outgroups (TS 105[0]). Sesamoid bone (or sesamoid articular) (, 60A-C, 61A-B). The sesamoid bone is a dermal element and located at the medial side of the anguloarticular and of the dentary. It is irregular-shaped with individual variations. The variation of phylogenetic sig- nificance is in the relationship between the sesamoid bone and the dentary. In P. oreas, erythrogaster, and cumberlandensis, about one-third of the sesamoid bone overlaps the dentary (TS 106[0]); whereas about half of the sesamoid bone overlaps the dentary in other species of Phoxinus (TS 106[ 1 ]). In the outgroups, the sesamoid bone is knife-shaped and only one third of the bone over- laps the dentary. Anguloarticular (, B, 60A-C, 61A-B). The anguloarticular is placed at po- steromedial side of the dentary, and extends to middle of the dentary. The a
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