. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. Science; Science -- New York (State). MATTHEW, CLIMATE AND EVOLUTION 245 In the later Oligoeene of Europe and the Miocene of the United States appear more definitely deer-like types {Dremotheriuni, Blastomeryx), and in the succeeding formations we find progressively higher types of deer in Europe and North America, but always appearing earlier in the Old World. The deer—excepting the isolated primitive survival repre- sented by the "water-chevrotain," closely related to Dorcatherium, a Miocene genus in Europe—have not reached the Ethiopia
. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. Science; Science -- New York (State). MATTHEW, CLIMATE AND EVOLUTION 245 In the later Oligoeene of Europe and the Miocene of the United States appear more definitely deer-like types {Dremotheriuni, Blastomeryx), and in the succeeding formations we find progressively higher types of deer in Europe and North America, but always appearing earlier in the Old World. The deer—excepting the isolated primitive survival repre- sented by the "water-chevrotain," closely related to Dorcatherium, a Miocene genus in Europe—have not reached the Ethiopian region, but. 77tid-Tcrtiaru ? Cerv/. in. laTer T'erfi'a Cervidae. in later Tertiarij /Yb Cervidae until Plet's toe6716 Huae moscA us ()orcal/>'m) 'Ran^ifer,Alces, Ceri/us cancLdensiS and a ItiiS >S^^ Ot/ier Cervidde ^prirnitd^t ty/jcs jnostty i>z tropics Fig. 23.—Distribution of Cerridop and pro-Cervid Tragulidw The liighest and latest appearing types are stlU confined to the circum-Arctic regions ; the genera of the more peripheral regions are more primitive. The earliest and most direct ancestral series is found in Europe and Asia ; the parallel series in North America is less direct and more retarded. A primitive survival is found in West Africa, pro- tected by the desert from competition of higher types. were easily able to reach ISTorth America in the Pleistocene. I take it, therefore, that their center of dispersal was well to the east and north in Asia (cf. horses). Their migration into the Ethiopian region was checked after the Miocene by the progressive aridity of the desert region Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original New York Academy of Sciences; Casey, Thos. L. (Thomas Lincoln), 1857-1925; Van Ingen, Gilbert, 1869-; Poor, Charles Lane, 1866-; Hovey, Edmund
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