. Fig. 12. Dasychalina validissima (Thiele). a, b, sections at right angles to surface (a is from holotype); c, dermal skeleton. All x 7J. however, all gradations between these two extremes. The oxea measure o-15-0-32 mm. long. Distribution. Calbuco; Straits of Magellan. Genus Callyspongia, Duchaissang and Michelotti. Callyspongia fortis (Ridley) (Figs. 13, 14). Siphonochalina fortis, Ridley, 1881, p. iii, pi. x, fig. 3. Occurrence. St. WS72: Falkland Islands, 95 m.; St. WS 83: Falkland Islands, 137-12901.; St. WS 84: Falkland Islands, 75-74 m.; St. WS 86: Falkland Islands, 157-147 m. Diagnosi
. Fig. 12. Dasychalina validissima (Thiele). a, b, sections at right angles to surface (a is from holotype); c, dermal skeleton. All x 7J. however, all gradations between these two extremes. The oxea measure o-15-0-32 mm. long. Distribution. Calbuco; Straits of Magellan. Genus Callyspongia, Duchaissang and Michelotti. Callyspongia fortis (Ridley) (Figs. 13, 14). Siphonochalina fortis, Ridley, 1881, p. iii, pi. x, fig. 3. Occurrence. St. WS72: Falkland Islands, 95 m.; St. WS 83: Falkland Islands, 137-12901.; St. WS 84: Falkland Islands, 75-74 m.; St. WS 86: Falkland Islands, 157-147 m. Diagnosis, Sponge sub-ramose to lobose; surface minutely conulose; oscules large, conspicuous, situated on crater-like projections or with margins level with surface, in all cases leading into deep cloacae receiving large exhalant canals which penetrate body of sponge; pores apparently scattered in meshes of dermal skeleton; skeleton differen- tiated into main and dermal; main skeleton consisting of a coarse-meshed network of stout spongin fibres, often 0-3 mm. thick, containing an axial row of spicules, multi- spicular in primary fibres, unispicular in secondary fibres; meshes of main skeleton ranging from 0-4 to 1-2 mm. across; dermal skeleton a tangential network of fibres differentiated into primary, secondary and tertiary fibres; primary fibres stout, of similar dimensions to those of main skeleton; mesh usually triangular, but may be quadrate or polygonal and divided into secondary and tertiary meshes; dimensions of latter usually no more than a spicule length across; spicules oxea, straight, o-o66 by o-oo6 mm. Remarks. The species is characterized by its external form and by the small size of its spicules. The inadequacy of Ceraochalina, as a genus for the reception for all Chalininae in which the spicules are vestigial, is shown by one specimen in which the fibres of the 6-2
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