. Bulletin. Agriculture -- Ontario. 8 EUROPEAN FOUL BROOD. Until 1907 the only infectious brood disease known to exist in Ontario was the one already described. But another then made its appearance. It is called European Foul Brood (Sometimes "Black Brood"). European Foul Brood has destroyed the apiaries in great areas of different, states in the Republic to the south of us. It is now known to be rampant in at least nine counties of Ontario. In one way it is much more to be dreaded than American Foul Brood, because it runs its course and destroys an apiary much more rapidly, and beca
. Bulletin. Agriculture -- Ontario. 8 EUROPEAN FOUL BROOD. Until 1907 the only infectious brood disease known to exist in Ontario was the one already described. But another then made its appearance. It is called European Foul Brood (Sometimes "Black Brood"). European Foul Brood has destroyed the apiaries in great areas of different, states in the Republic to the south of us. It is now known to be rampant in at least nine counties of Ontario. In one way it is much more to be dreaded than American Foul Brood, because it runs its course and destroys an apiary much more rapidly, and because the method of spread is not fully understood. As was stated above, nothing but the introduction of Italian queens by the beekeepers concerned will check its Pig. 4.—European Foul Brood: a, j, k, normal sealed cells; 6, c, d, e, g, i I, m, p, g, larvae affected by disease; /, h, n, o. dried-down larvae or scales. Three times natural size. ( Dept. Ag. Par. Bui. 442.) The best description of this disease which has been published is found in U. S. Department of Agriculture Farmers' Bulletin 442, " The Treatment of Bee Dis- eases," by E. F. Phillips, It is as follows: " European foul hrood was formerly called Talack brood,' or 'iSTew York bee disease.' The name TDlack brood' was a poor one, for the color of the dead brood is rarely black, or even very dark brown. European foul brood usually attacks the larva at an earlier stage of its development than American foul brood, and while it is still curled up at the base of the cell (Fig . 4, r). A small percentage of larvae dies after capping, but sometimes quite young larvae are attacked (Fig. 4, e, m). Sunken and perforated cappings are sometimes observed, just as in American foul brood (Fig. 3, c, g, j). The earliest indication of the disease is a slight yellow or gray discoloration and uneasy move- ment of the larva in the cell. The larva loses its well-rounded, opaque appearance and becomes sl
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