. A practical treatise on medical diagnosis for students and physicians . ily the exact level at which theyare made should be noted. In health the difference between the twomeasurements should be from 5 to 10 centimetres (2 to 4 inches). Ifthe expansion is less than 2 inches, it is considered deficient by insur-ance companies, who then do not regard the risk as first class. Theexpansion is less in women. Deficiency of chest expansion not onlyindicates the presence of a local morbid process (notably incipient tuber- 476 PHYSICAL DIAGNOSIS OF DISEASES OF THE LUNG. culosis), but it also indicates
. A practical treatise on medical diagnosis for students and physicians . ily the exact level at which theyare made should be noted. In health the difference between the twomeasurements should be from 5 to 10 centimetres (2 to 4 inches). Ifthe expansion is less than 2 inches, it is considered deficient by insur-ance companies, who then do not regard the risk as first class. Theexpansion is less in women. Deficiency of chest expansion not onlyindicates the presence of a local morbid process (notably incipient tuber- 476 PHYSICAL DIAGNOSIS OF DISEASES OF THE LUNG. culosis), but it also indicates lack of strength and of muscular develop-ment, physiological rather than physical deficiencies, and is an unerringguide to the need of respiratory gymnastics. Carrolls stethometer consists of a slide (c-d) bearing an indicator (d)and attached to one end of an ordinary measuring-tape, and movingwithin a case (a-b) marked with a scale and provided with a catch intowhich the other end of the tape is fastened after it has been passed aroundthe chest. (Fig. 147.) Fig. Carrolls stethometer. The following measurements, secured by laborious investigation, areexcellent criteria from which pathological inductions can be made. Measurements of the Chest and Ltjng Capacity.(Otis, Boston Medical and Surgical Journal, 1895.) Table I.—Chest Measurements. Girth, muscular—Men: Average of Dr. E. O. Otis, 1000 measurements, be-tween sixteen and forty years of age Average of Dr. Hitchcock, of Amherst College, 8000 measurements Avei-age of E. Hitchcock, Jr., of Cornell College, 15,000 measurements Girth, muscular—Women : Mt. Holyoke and Wellesley students. Measurements by Miss Wood and Dr. Mary Colton Chest, respiratory—Men : Average of Dr. E. O. Otis, 1000 measurements ....Chest, respiratory—Women: 50 per cent, of 1500 of Wellesley students, Miss WoodDepth of chest—Men : Average of Dr. E. O. Otis, 1250 measurements in repose and 362 inflated Depth of chest^Women : 50 per cent, of
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