Appletons' cyclopaedia of applied mechanics: a dictionary of mechanical engineering and the mechanical arts . ely from theboiler, and usually at a pressure which will giveit a temperature of about 240^ F. When therubber has been confined in this cylinder, at thistemperature, for eight or ten hours, the true vul-canization or union of the caoutchouc with thesulphur takes place, accompanied with the dis-engagement of sulphuretted hydrogen gas. Thisis one of the most important parts of the pro-cess of manufacture, and upon it, as well asupon the mixing of the ingredients, depend thestrength and e
Appletons' cyclopaedia of applied mechanics: a dictionary of mechanical engineering and the mechanical arts . ely from theboiler, and usually at a pressure which will giveit a temperature of about 240^ F. When therubber has been confined in this cylinder, at thistemperature, for eight or ten hours, the true vul-canization or union of the caoutchouc with thesulphur takes place, accompanied with the dis-engagement of sulphuretted hydrogen gas. Thisis one of the most important parts of the pro-cess of manufacture, and upon it, as well asupon the mixing of the ingredients, depend thestrength and elasticity of the product. The heatshould be raised gradually and maintained at adetermined point till the vulcanization is com-pleted, and then should lie immediately withdrawn. In manufacturing engine hose, the New YorkGrutta Percha and Rubber Manufacturing Company mix a certain amount of carbolic acid with thecaoutchouc, which it is claimed preserves the hose and shortens the process of vulcanization. Aningenious register is in use at their factory, the invention of Mr. John Murphy, by which the appli-. INDICATOR. 151 cation of a steam-pressure gauge to clockwork records the different degrees of temperature and theirduration which may have been reached during the vulcanizing process, which is generally performedduring the night, under the care of one or two men. When caoutchouc is intended for car springs, about 5 per cent, of white lead and variable propor-tions of carbonate of lime are added, with 5 per cent, of sulphur. This makes the product moresolid and substantial, and capable of supporting greater weight without too much compression,which is objectionable. In the manufacture of ebonite, a much larger proportion of sulphur is used;and in the cheaper kinds, when great strength is not required, various earthy substances are sulphur and caoutchouc alone, when properly mingled and raised to the required degree of heat,produce the best article. The temperature
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