Famous and decisive battles of the world; . of France against the allies on the Germanfrontier and in Spain. The Imperialist party had the best of the fight for some timeafter Nordlingen, for the features of the war were now entirelychanged and, happily, entering on their last phase; but the pro-ject of invading France was defeated by the energy of theSwedes under Baner, who kept the Austrians incessantly em-ployed in Bohemia and Silesia, and won a great battle fromthem at Wittstock (October 4th, 1636). Then came a series offights in which Sweden was uniformly successful, and two moremarked vi
Famous and decisive battles of the world; . of France against the allies on the Germanfrontier and in Spain. The Imperialist party had the best of the fight for some timeafter Nordlingen, for the features of the war were now entirelychanged and, happily, entering on their last phase; but the pro-ject of invading France was defeated by the energy of theSwedes under Baner, who kept the Austrians incessantly em-ployed in Bohemia and Silesia, and won a great battle fromthem at Wittstock (October 4th, 1636). Then came a series offights in which Sweden was uniformly successful, and two moremarked victories at Breitenfeld—which thus became distinguisheda second time—and Yankowitz added to the lustre of her arms. On the Rhine, however, Duke Bernhard fared badly, and atlast the great French generals, Conde and Turenne, came to hisrescue, and drove the leaguers back into Bavaria—winning atNordlingen, August 3d, 1645, the battle which virtually termi-nated the struggle, and the peace of Westphalia ended theThirty Years War. *IENNA, the beautiful capital of the Empire ofAustria, lies on a level plain surrounded by acircle of low hills and traversed by the riverDanube. Its name is taken from a sluggishstream, the Wien, which flows under the wallsinto an arm of the great river that separates thecity from the suburb of Leopoldstadt on thenortheast. From its geographical position andits political importance, the city has been sub-jected to several sieges, and has been the scene of many a greatconference and treaty of peace between the various Europeanpowers; but for years of its early existence it lay in the trackof every horde of barbaric invaders, and after the establishmentof Mussulman power in Eastern Europe it was incessantlythreatened by the Turks. These people besieged it in strongforce in 1529, but it was gallantly defended and they weredriven back with great loss. Then, during the Thirty YearsWar, the troops of Sweden several times came within alarmingproxim
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