Popular science monthly . sbecome standard in the region. Themethod by which the pipe lines are laidis no less interesting than their function. How the Pipe Line Is LaidA trench isfirst dugthrough thesand dunesnear the beach,until a smooth,even grade issecured downto this gradeshort ties arelaid back fromthe beach. Onthese ties lightrails are laid,the gage beingless than this narrowrailway smallcarsordolliesride. The pipesections arcconnected onshore besidethis narrow-gage track,lifted upon thedollies, andthus trans])or-ted into theocean. A steamshij) onthe bar plays the
Popular science monthly . sbecome standard in the region. Themethod by which the pipe lines are laidis no less interesting than their function. How the Pipe Line Is LaidA trench isfirst dugthrough thesand dunesnear the beach,until a smooth,even grade issecured downto this gradeshort ties arelaid back fromthe beach. Onthese ties lightrails are laid,the gage beingless than this narrowrailway smallcarsordolliesride. The pipesections arcconnected onshore besidethis narrow-gage track,lifted upon thedollies, andthus trans])or-ted into theocean. A steamshij) onthe bar plays the partmotive to the dollies,emi)loyed. As a rule the lines are made ti|) of8-inch steel [)i[)eand api>roximale a mileand a half in length. lre(|nently a smallhoisting-engine has to be installed alcmg the track to aid the steamship at sea inpulling the line. By fastening a cableback of a coupling on the line and run-ning it over one of the drums on thehoisting engine, substantial aid can begi\cn in this work of hauling. I. The fog-stick is run out from the steamer on asteel towHne by means of a pulley the other side ofof hauling loco-a hauser being A Fog-Stick Guide for Traffic on the Great LakesN very foggy weather the bargestowed by steamers on the GreatLakes are often lost to sight, so that thesafety of both steamer and barge isjeopardized. The fog-stick shown in theaccompan\ing illustration was designedto meet this condition. It is sent f)Utfrom the steamer on the steel towline by means of apulley or block,and is run upclose enough tothe barge tobe always visi-ble to the manat the forwardwheel and toindicate thedirection inwhich the tow-line is leadingand conse-quently therelative po-sition of thesteamer. Rope guyshold the fog-stick at theretjuired dis-tance from thebow of the boatand a weightcomposed of abag of sandkeeps it up-right. At night,or w h e n e v e rthe fog is (hickenough to war-r a n t it, alantern is suspended from the pole. Why the Color of Sea Water Is Blueo
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Keywords: ., bookcentury1800, bookdecade1870, booksubjectscience, bookyear1872
