. Bulletin of the Natural Histort Museum. Geology series. Fig. 5 Sample C from the sand hole, a basal clay deposit including a locally reworked clay (CC). Note the reticulate birefringent fabric which is indicative of minor shrinking and swelling reflecting alternate periods of wetting and drying. Width of photo ca. mm. cryoclastic activity and high energy phreatic flow occurring near the last glacial maximum. It is likely that diminishing phreatic flow and the upward fining sedimentary sequences situated at the sampled margins of the cave, occurred from the end of the Devensian (Oldest Dr
. Bulletin of the Natural Histort Museum. Geology series. Fig. 5 Sample C from the sand hole, a basal clay deposit including a locally reworked clay (CC). Note the reticulate birefringent fabric which is indicative of minor shrinking and swelling reflecting alternate periods of wetting and drying. Width of photo ca. mm. cryoclastic activity and high energy phreatic flow occurring near the last glacial maximum. It is likely that diminishing phreatic flow and the upward fining sedimentary sequences situated at the sampled margins of the cave, occurred from the end of the Devensian (Oldest Dryas) to the Windermere Interstadial (B0lling/Aller0d). This inter- val was contemporary with Upper Palaeolithic activity that led to the deposition of human skeletal remains in sediments that were once well-bedded (Fig. 2). It seems likely that the ice lensing activity noted in sample H, could be related to occasional cold conditions continuing into the Interstadial. The presence of humans is totally unrecorded at this period in the samples from Areas I and HI and the Skeleton Rift, but a breccia remnant ('reindeer stalagmite') from the. just below the cave roof does include some charcoal, as seen in thin section. The mild conditions of the Windermere Interstadial are best recorded, albeit weakly, by biological activity producing an enhanced porosity pattern of channels and vughs (, in samples 44 and D; Fig. 3). Other contemporary sites in southern England have pro- duced longer sedimentary sequences. For example, a number of chalky colluvial deposits have been described from Kent and the Isle of Wight ( Preece et ah, 1995). These are soil-sediments, with biological activity and pedogenesis being recorded through slightly enhanced amounts of organic matter, and in places, by concentra- tions of earthworm granules that indicate ephemeral land surfaces (Preece et ai, 1995). At King Arthur's Cave, Herefordshire, a very thin and weakly humic soil horizon was identified thro
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