. Botany of the living plant. Botany. APPENDIX A 495 are incompletely fused, and each has its separate style and stigma : an indication of a primitive apocarpous state. Other members of the Order show various steps in cohesion and adhesion of the outer parts. For instance, in (2) the Wild Hyacinth {Scilla nutans. Sm.) the stamens are adherent to the perianth-segments (epiphyllous). In the Grape-Hyacinth {Muscari), and the Lily of the Valley [Convallaria) the seg- ments of the perianth are coherent into a bell. In some Lilies the perianth may form a long tube, while the style is proportionally
. Botany of the living plant. Botany. APPENDIX A 495 are incompletely fused, and each has its separate style and stigma : an indication of a primitive apocarpous state. Other members of the Order show various steps in cohesion and adhesion of the outer parts. For instance, in (2) the Wild Hyacinth {Scilla nutans. Sm.) the stamens are adherent to the perianth-segments (epiphyllous). In the Grape-Hyacinth {Muscari), and the Lily of the Valley [Convallaria) the seg- ments of the perianth are coherent into a bell. In some Lilies the perianth may form a long tube, while the style is proportionally elongated. But still the ovary is superior ; even in Colchicum, where it is below ground, it stands above the insertion of the long tube- like perianth. In others, as in Hemero- callis, the gamophyllous flower is zygomorphic. Thus the primitive state seen in the Tulip may be modified in relation to pollination by insects. Pollination. The flower of the TuUp is conspicuous by its size and colour; but there is no honey, though in the nearly allied Fritillaria a large honey- gland lies at the base of each perianth- segment. The Tulip is visited by insects for its pollen and so crossin be effected ; but it is not a specialised mechanism. The fruit of the Liliaceae is either a capsule, splitting by longitudinal slits, and so shedding the seeds, which are flattened, and readily carried by the wind ; or it may be a berry as in Lily of the Valley, or Asparagus, and thus be distributed by Fig. 399. Transverse section of the superior ovary of Lily, showing the three syncarpous carpels, bearing the anatropous ovules on their infolded margins. F. O. B. may Family : Amaryllidaceae. Examples : Snowdrop, Narcissus. Those Liliales which have the same floral plan as the Liliaceae, but with an ovary inferior, are grouped as Amaryllidaceae. But there is no sharp line of demarcation between the hypogynous and the epigynous types. Some genera show an intermediate state, their half-inferior
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Keywords: ., bookcentury1900, bookdecade1910, booksubjectbotany, bookyear1919
