. The Iron and steel magazine. X Je veux au mond publier dune plume de fer sur un papier dacier. August, 1905 No. 2 SOME CAUSES OF FAILURE OF RAILS IN SERVICE * ROBERT JOB, Chemist, Philadelphia & Reading Railway CpOR a number of years a careful study of causes of rail failures?- has been made by the Philadelphia & Reading Railway. The method followed hasbeen, in,the case of each fail-ure, to forward a portion ofthe rail showing the defectivecondition to the Test De-partment, with a form givinginformation regarding themanufacture and service ofthe rail. An investigationthen followed to determi
. The Iron and steel magazine. X Je veux au mond publier dune plume de fer sur un papier dacier. August, 1905 No. 2 SOME CAUSES OF FAILURE OF RAILS IN SERVICE * ROBERT JOB, Chemist, Philadelphia & Reading Railway CpOR a number of years a careful study of causes of rail failures?- has been made by the Philadelphia & Reading Railway. The method followed hasbeen, in,the case of each fail-ure, to forward a portion ofthe rail showing the defectivecondition to the Test De-partment, with a form givinginformation regarding themanufacture and service ofthe rail. An investigationthen followed to determinethe cause of the failure. In a general way it maybe said that when failureoccurs owing [to fracture, ex-cessively^^ rapid rate of wearunder given conditions, orcrushing down in track, thepoor service is generally due to one or more of the followingcauses, viz.: (i) Pipes in the steel, (2) presence of a considerableproportion of blowholes, (3) excessive segregation, (4) coarsegranular structure, (5) rough * Read at the July, 1905, meetinj^ of the American Society for Test-in jj Materials. gS The Iron and Steel Magazine In the first case the defect is readily shown by the appear-ance of the fractured end with its unwelded surfaces, and, uponbuffing off a section of the rail, the extent of the pipe is generallyclearly shown, even without etching, as in Fig. i. In suchcase the steel is in a seamy condition, and the layers readilysplit apart or crush down upon comparatively slight pressure,and indication of the unsoundness is usually given after a veryshort service. This general type is caused by failure at themill to crop ingots down to sound steel, and such a rail is nearlyalways derived from metal from the top of an ingot, and almostinvariably fails when tested under the drop test. When the
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Keywords: ., bo, bookcentury1800, bookdecade1890, booksubjectiron, bookyear1898
