The effects of inanition and The effects of inanition and malnutrition upon growth and structure effectsofinaniti00jack Year: 1925 EFFECTS OF INANITION ON THE BODY AS A WHOLE 83 As to the effects of inanition during childhood, a large amount of data has accumulated from observations upon school-children. One of the first estab- lished facts is that the children of the poorer classes average in height and weight below those of the well-to-do of the same age (Pagliani '79; Landsberger '87; Geissler and Uhlitzsch '88; Geissler '92; Boas '97; Pfaundler '16; and others). This is ascribed to underf
The effects of inanition and The effects of inanition and malnutrition upon growth and structure effectsofinaniti00jack Year: 1925 EFFECTS OF INANITION ON THE BODY AS A WHOLE 83 As to the effects of inanition during childhood, a large amount of data has accumulated from observations upon school-children. One of the first estab- lished facts is that the children of the poorer classes average in height and weight below those of the well-to-do of the same age (Pagliani '79; Landsberger '87; Geissler and Uhlitzsch '88; Geissler '92; Boas '97; Pfaundler '16; and others). This is ascribed to underfeeding and malnutrition, along with other unfavorable hygienic conditions. Even among the wealthier classes, many children are malnourished, due to improper feeding (including various types of partial inanition) rather than to underfeeding. Fig. 36.—Field graph showing the body lengths (circles) and weights (dots) for atrophic infants of the first year, plotted according to age. The larger circles and dots represent original Minnesota data; the others are from various sources. The curves for normal body weight and length are from data compiled by Prof. R. E. Scammon. Note that in the malnourished cases the weight is subnormal to a much greater degree than the height. Medwedjew ('82) observed the growth in length of 50 individuals during the great Russian famine, but his original publication was inaccessible to me. Nicolaeff ('23) found the body weight 20-40 (sometimes 50) per cent sub- normal for age among children 1-16 years old at Kharkow during the recent Russian famine. The conditions in Russia are described also by Morgulis ('23). Stefko ('23a) found that the girls, having more body fat, showed greater loss in weight, but lower mortality. Even in countries like the United States, where extreme poverty is relatively infrequent, numerous investigations have revealed a surprisingly large number of apparently malnourished school-children, at least in the large cities. Thus
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