. Historical portraits ... the lives of Fletcher .. . 1684 he had gained a certain amount ofascendancy over the King. James was thus encouraged on hisown accession to over-estimate his popularity. Parliament wasindeed loyal, and there was strong aversion to the prospect ofa civil war. Had James refrained from an aggressively Catholicpolicy, his throne would never have been threatened. Nothing buthis own folly in cutting away the props which supported it caused itssudden overthrow. The suppression of two rebellions in his firstyear, those of Argyll and Monmouth, still further strengthene
. Historical portraits ... the lives of Fletcher .. . 1684 he had gained a certain amount ofascendancy over the King. James was thus encouraged on hisown accession to over-estimate his popularity. Parliament wasindeed loyal, and there was strong aversion to the prospect ofa civil war. Had James refrained from an aggressively Catholicpolicy, his throne would never have been threatened. Nothing buthis own folly in cutting away the props which supported it caused itssudden overthrow. The suppression of two rebellions in his firstyear, those of Argyll and Monmouth, still further strengthened hisposition. The stern measures of repression taken against the latter in. JAMES II WHEN DUKE OF YORKFrom tlic porlrait \>y Sir Pclur Lcly at St. Jamess Palace Fact p. 2ip JAMES II 231 the West of England did nothing to weaken it, although there isgood evidence that James personally urged the judges to exerciseextreme severity. But two successive Declarations of Indulgence to the dissenters infuriated the Churchmen, hitherto his best sup-porters, while all classes alike were alarmed by the Catholicappointments in the Arm\ and at the Universities, as well as by theclaim to suspend and to dispense with laws, which suggested arevival of despotism. James even blindly neglected his one possiblealliance, that with Louis XW, which would have been valuable,though unpopular. Nevertheless the nation would perhaps haveborne longer with him but for the birth of the Prince of Wales in thesummer of 1688. The Queen had often been with child before, but herchildren had all been still-born or had died in infancy. So every onepretended to believe that the innocent young Pr
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