. Cottony maple scale (Pulvinaria innumerabilis Rathvon.). Scale insects; Pulvinaria; Agricultural pests. CIRCULAR NO. 64. United States Department of Agriculture, BUREAU OF ENTOMOLOGY, L. O. HOWARD, Entomologist. THE COTTONY MAPLE SCALE. {Pulvinaria innumerabilis Rath von.) By J. G. Sanders, Assistant. The cottony maple scale (Pulvinaria innumerabilis Rathv.) at ma- turity is the most conspicuous scale insect indigenous to the United States, and has received much attention from entomologists and horti- culturists on account of its occasional abundance. It was described in 1854 by Dr. S. S. Ra
. Cottony maple scale (Pulvinaria innumerabilis Rathvon.). Scale insects; Pulvinaria; Agricultural pests. CIRCULAR NO. 64. United States Department of Agriculture, BUREAU OF ENTOMOLOGY, L. O. HOWARD, Entomologist. THE COTTONY MAPLE SCALE. {Pulvinaria innumerabilis Rath von.) By J. G. Sanders, Assistant. The cottony maple scale (Pulvinaria innumerabilis Rathv.) at ma- turity is the most conspicuous scale insect indigenous to the United States, and has received much attention from entomologists and horti- culturists on account of its occasional abundance. It was described in 1854 by Dr. S. S. Rath- von, of Lancaster, Pa., who gave the pest a very expressive and significant specific name. Since then over 60 articles and references concerning this species have appeared in entomological literature, besides hosts of others in newspapers and other periodicals. Of special worth is a monograph of the species, worked out in elaborate form by J. D. Putnam, which was pub- lished in the Proceedings of the Davenport (Iowa) Academy of Natural Sciences, p. 339 (1S79). More recently in Bulletin 22, new series, Division of Entomology, Howard published a thorough treatise on " The Two Most Abundant Pulvinarias on Maple," giving in detail the distribution, food plants, and life history of the cottony maple scale and the nearly related maple- leaf scale, illustrated by numerous figures of the various stages of each species. Sporadic outbreaks of this scale insect in various parts of the United States have been reported from time to time for many years past, but in each case natural enemies have subsequently increased with sufficient rapidity to effectually check its progress. Recently many reports of its extreme abundance have come to us from the city of Chicago and. Fig. ^- Pulvinaria innumerabilis: adult females in position on twigs, with egg sacs—natural size (from Howard).. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been
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