The Eastern Bering Sea Shelf : oceanography and resources / edited by Donald W. Hood and John A. Calder . easternberings00hood Year: 1981 •NEW ICE GROWTH SNOW SEAWATER OIL photographs suggested that such ponds contained as much as 30 percent of the spilled oil. Observations from the Buzzards Bay spill also show that oil trapped either on the surface or within floes will be transported a considerable distance by winds and currents. Fig. 14-4 shows an aerial view of an oUed ice floe measuring 75 m across moving through the 12-km-long Cape Cod Canal. The dark material on the floe surface is o
The Eastern Bering Sea Shelf : oceanography and resources / edited by Donald W. Hood and John A. Calder . easternberings00hood Year: 1981 •NEW ICE GROWTH SNOW SEAWATER OIL photographs suggested that such ponds contained as much as 30 percent of the spilled oil. Observations from the Buzzards Bay spill also show that oil trapped either on the surface or within floes will be transported a considerable distance by winds and currents. Fig. 14-4 shows an aerial view of an oUed ice floe measuring 75 m across moving through the 12-km-long Cape Cod Canal. The dark material on the floe surface is oil, and oil streaks are also visible on the open water. Observations showed that the floe moved through the canal into Massachusetts Bay, where the oil was released when the floe melted. This observation suggests that in the Bering Sea trapped oU may be carried distances on the order of hundreds of kilometers before the oil is released when the floe melts. WATER -WATERLINE OIL a. WATER CURRENTS SEAWATER Figure 14-1. The interaction of oil witii first-year ice (a) November-February; (b) March-May; (c) June-August. See text for further description. Figure 14-2. Interaction of oil in a tidal current with rafted ice. (a) Oil enters lee of raft; (b) oil fills surface pond;(c) current sweeps unsheltered oil away (adapted from Figure of Deslauriers et al. 1977). RESULTS OF THE BUZZARDS BAY OIL SPILL The Buzzards Bay, Massachusetts, oil spill of 28 January 1977, described in Deslauriers et al. (1977), yields additional information on how oil responds to tidal currents under rafted and ridged ice. Fig. 14- 2a-c shows schematic diagrams of how oil which was initially swept under the ice came to the surface. In Fig. 14-2a and b, the strong m/sec tidal currents sweep the oil into the lee of newly formed rafted ice, from whence it flows up into a surface pond, re- placing the denser sea water. Then (Fig. 14-2c) the tidad current sweeps away the unsheltered oil into other areas of
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